定语从句能不能详细的讲一下?

定语从句能不能详细的讲一下?

在把握定语从句的时候大家要注意以下几点：
1. 定语从句的作用主要是用来修饰先行词；
2. 定语从句和主句之间需要有关系词来进行连接；
3. 关系词在从句中代替先行词,并且充当一定的成分.根据关系词在从句中成分的不同,关系词是有所不同的.
例1：
Great changes have taken place in the factory where we are working.
先行词 关系词 由where引导的从句
在这个例句中,factory是先行词,由where引导的定语从句来修饰；同时由where替代的这个先行词在从句中作状语.如果仍然不能分清结构,可以把句子拆分：
主句： Great changes have taken place in the factory.
从句： We are working in the factory.
关系词如何选择?可以分三步走：
第一步,首先确定先行词；
第二步,然后确定它在定语从句中做什么成分；
第三步,之后可以进行具体分类.
1. 先行词是人：如果在从句中做主语,关系词用who；做宾语,用who 或whom；做定语,用whose
例2：
He is the person who/whom we are looking for.
2. 先行词是物：在从句中做主语或宾语都用which；作定语用of which, 或whose；
例3：
This machine which I have looked after for years is still working perfectly.
注意：
1) 如果先行词在从句中做状语,表示时间、地点和原因,关系词就要使用when,where和why. 如例1的情况就是先行词在从句中充当地点状语,因此用where.
2) 在限定性定语从句中,which, who, whom 都可以被that 取代.所以例2、例3中的关系词也可以省略.
3) 非限制性定语从句通常标志,从句和主语之间用逗号隔开.
例4：
This is a critical problem in the company, which need to be solved immediately.
这个句子就是非限定性定语从句,在这种情况下,关系词通常用which.
真题示例：
The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _______(我们可以合作的领域) .
1. 已有谓语is,空白处一定是从句
2. 汉语意思已经是完整的一句话,因此,一定是定语从句,并确定先行词：领域,the field 或a field,不用想,一般用which引导
3. 先行词要提前,所以仅按顺序译“我们可以合作的”：we can cooperate
确定介词,在……领域,用in,答案为：in the/a field which we can cooperate
实战演练：
1. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.
A. that B. which C. as D. like
2. The pen ________ he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. with that
3. The engineer ________ my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
4. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
A. as B. when C. until D. before
5. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
6. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.
A. that B. what C. which D. as
7. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ________he could see________was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that
8. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that B. run; who 　　 C. running; who D. run; that
9. I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers, _________has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who
10. Can you lend me the dictionary ______ the other day?
A. about that you talked B. what you talked
C. which you talked D. that you talked about
答案及解析：
答案：1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. D. 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. D
【解析】
1. 当先行词被same修饰时,定语从句由that或as引导,但意思不同.用that引导定语从句指同一物,而用as引导定语从句指同类事物.
2. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构, 常用来引导定语从句. with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
3. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
4. 因为先行词是the time,且在定语从句中作状语,所以用when引导.此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了,要善于辨别.
5. 非限定性定语从句.先行词为the exciting moment , 将先行词放入从句为For the first time in the years their team won the world cup at the moment, 先行词放入从句作时间状语. 句中for the first time in years为强词调结构. 答案为D.
6. 当定语从句的先行词前有such, so, as等词语时,由as引导,并且as在定语从句中作主语或宾语,as在此题中作dream of的宾语.注意：在表示“如此…以致…”的such /so…that…结构中,that不作任何句子成份.
7. through which引导定语从句,through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语.What引导的是see的宾语从句,并作从句的主语.
8. 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系,所以用现在分词.Those指街道,先行词为物,所以不用who而用that来引导定语从句.
9.前一空定语从句的完整句为I lived in the country with the farmers those years. 先行词在从句中作非主宾表成分,先行词与时间相关.后一定语从句的完整句子在理解基础上的意思转换为The experience has a great effect on my life. The experience= I lived in the country with the farmers those years.所以整句为先行词,在从句中做主语.因此,答案为B.
10. 限定性定语从句.先行语the dictionary, 放入从句为you talked about the dictionary the other day. 先行词短语结构在从句中作宾语,从句可用about which you talked the other day 或 which/ that/ 省略引导词 you talked about the other day. 答案为D.