1.Describe something that is not matter.What characteristics

1.Describe something that is not matter.What characteristics is it lacking?(8 points)
2.Why was Rutherford’s experiment so important to the understanding of the structure of an atom?Does this model still fit what we know about the structure of an atom?(8 points)
3.Is oxygen an element or a compound?Explain.(8 points)
4.Explain how elements are arranged on the periodic table.What does the table tell you when you read it like sentences in a book – left to right,and top to bottom?(9 points)
5.How is it possible that,when adding protons while moving left to right across a period,the size of an atom shrinks?Why is the same trend not true as you move down a group?Give at least one example to support your answer.(9 points)
6.Why would an atom with high electronegativity be a great match for an atom with low ionization energy?(8 points)
必须用英文回答``好的话+分100

1. A matter is what makes up the universe, and is something that is real. Light (photons) can be described as antimatters because they are not made up of atoms.
2. Rutherford and his students performed an experiment known as the Geiger-Marsden experiment using radium, which emits alpha particles, and gold foil. He found that a few alpha particles get deflected and a few bounces off the gold foil. This led him to conclude that the atom is mostly comprised of empty space with a tiny dense positive nucleus surrounded by even tinier electrons. This is what we know about the stucture of the atom today.
3.oxygen is an element because it is comprised of only a single type of atom.
4. the atoms are arranged in from the smallest number of protons to the biggest. Each column (known as group in chemistry) of elements have the same number of protons in their outer-most shells.
5. This is because the additional proton increases the force of attraction before protons and electrons. This means the the electrons will be pulled towards the centre and therefore the atomic size decreases. For example, the size of Be (group 2) is smaller than the size of Li (group 1, next to Be) However, moving down a group, the number ofprotons, neutrons and electrons increase by a greater scale, which means the more protons and electrons exist in the next atom in the group. Since there are more electrons scattered in the outshells of the atom, the atomic size increases. For example, Lithium (Li) has the size of 1.34, while the next atom down the group, Sodium (Na) is 1.54 in size.
6. High electronegativity means that the atom has high ability to attract a shared pair of electrons in a bond. Low ionization energy means that the electrons are easily removed from the atom. They would be a great match because the atom with high electronegativity would attract the electrons from the aotm with low ionization energy very easily.
楼下的那位,你说我怎么用电脑翻译?又没中文参考.可是不能保证是对的,因为我化学学的不怎么样.