请详细谈谈虚拟语气吧!
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请详细谈谈虚拟语气吧!
说明什么是含蓄条件句,错综条件句等一系列专有名词,一定要浅显易懂些!
说明什么是含蓄条件句,错综条件句等一系列专有名词,一定要浅显易懂些!
第三节 虚拟语气
一、简介:
虚拟语气表示主观愿望、假设和建议等,所说的话与事实相反,其构成形式见下表:
从 句 主 句
与现在事实相反 v+ed would + v 与过去事实相反 had + ved would have + ved 与将来事实(可能)相反 should / were to + v would + v
二、 考点精要总结:
虚拟语气在历年测试中都是重点内容,在试题中占有相当比例.考生应细心体会虚拟语气的 各种形式,陈述语气与虚拟语气的区别,及虚拟语气所涉及到的各种固定句型.
〔考点1〕 虚拟语气经常用在由 if 引出的非真实条件句中,表示过去、现在实际上或将来可能不存在的情况.
例1:If I were you,I would tell the tr uth
例2:If I had studied hard,I would not have failed in the exam
例3:If I were to do it,I would do it in a quite different way
〔考点2〕 错综条件句:条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动 作在时间上不一致时,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据各自所指的时间选用适当的形式.
例1:If I hadn?st stood under the ladder to catch y ou when you fell,you wouldn?st be smiling now
例2:I apologize if I had offended you,but I assure you it was unintentional
〔考点3〕 含蓄虚拟句:不出现if,用介词和介词短语表示虚 拟条件,常见的有:b ut for,without,in case of,supposing,given,provided,under,what if 等.
例1:But for the leadership of the party,we could not be l iving a happy life today
例2:We could have done better under more favorable c onditi ons
〔考点4〕 虚拟语气的倒装:略去条件句中的if,将were,sh ould,had 前置,直接引出虚拟条件句.
例1:Were he to tell us everything,we could try to s olve his problem
例2:There is a real possibility that these animals could be fright ened,should there be a sudden noise
例3:Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce,let alone got ten on
〔考点5〕 在一些意为“要求、建议、命令”等含义的动词后的宾语从句中 ,谓语动词要使用 虚拟语气,形式为should(可省略)+ 动词原形.常见的此类动词有:advise,ask,agree ,allow,command,decide,demand,ensure,insist,maintain,move,order,prefer,propose,require,request,suggest,urge等.
例:In the past men generally preferred that their wives wo rk in the home
〔考点6〕 某些特定名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词要使用虚 拟语气,常见的此 类名词有:advice,command,demand,desire,importance,insistence,motion,neces sity,order,preference,proposal,request,requirement,resolution,significanc e,suggestion等.
例:Jean Wagner?ss most enduring contribution to the study of Afr o American poetr y is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious,as well as worldly,frame of reference
〔考点7〕 在“It is (was) + 形容词 / 过去分词+ that引导的主语从句” 句型中,从句中 的谓语动词要使用虚拟语气.常见的此类形容词和过去分词有:advisable,demanded,des irable,desired,essential,imperative,important,necessary,natural,ordered,preferable,required,suggested,urgent 等.
例:The board deemed it urgent that these files should be p rinted right awa y
〔考点8〕 在“wish +宾语从句”的句型中,表达与事实相反或无法实现的愿望.
例:I wish I could have gone to the party with you y esterday鼻胱⒁庑槟庥锲在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法.
〔考点9〕 在 would/had rather,would just as soon,would sooner,wo uld prefer后面 的从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,用过去时表示现在或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过 去的情况.
例1:sd rather you went by train,because I can?st bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather
例2:sd just as soon you hadn?st told her about it
〔考点10〕 在as if 和as though引导的从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气.
例:He talks as if he knew everything
〔考点11〕 在“It?ss(high / about)time that 豹豹 ”结构中,从 句中的动词要用虚拟语气,并常用一般过去时.
例:It?ss high time that children went to bed
〔考点12〕 在 lest,for fear that,in case引起的从句中,谓语动词要 用虚拟语气,注意should一般不可以省略.
例1:He took his raincoat with him lest it sh ould rain
例2:The thief hid behind the bushes for fear that we should find h im
〔考点13〕 在 if only 引导的从句里,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,用过去完 成 时表示过去的情况,用过去时表示现在的情况,用would / could + V 表示将来的情况.
例1:If only John were here now
例2:If only you hadn?st said that
一、简介:
虚拟语气表示主观愿望、假设和建议等,所说的话与事实相反,其构成形式见下表:
从 句 主 句
与现在事实相反 v+ed would + v 与过去事实相反 had + ved would have + ved 与将来事实(可能)相反 should / were to + v would + v
二、 考点精要总结:
虚拟语气在历年测试中都是重点内容,在试题中占有相当比例.考生应细心体会虚拟语气的 各种形式,陈述语气与虚拟语气的区别,及虚拟语气所涉及到的各种固定句型.
〔考点1〕 虚拟语气经常用在由 if 引出的非真实条件句中,表示过去、现在实际上或将来可能不存在的情况.
例1:If I were you,I would tell the tr uth
例2:If I had studied hard,I would not have failed in the exam
例3:If I were to do it,I would do it in a quite different way
〔考点2〕 错综条件句:条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动 作在时间上不一致时,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据各自所指的时间选用适当的形式.
例1:If I hadn?st stood under the ladder to catch y ou when you fell,you wouldn?st be smiling now
例2:I apologize if I had offended you,but I assure you it was unintentional
〔考点3〕 含蓄虚拟句:不出现if,用介词和介词短语表示虚 拟条件,常见的有:b ut for,without,in case of,supposing,given,provided,under,what if 等.
例1:But for the leadership of the party,we could not be l iving a happy life today
例2:We could have done better under more favorable c onditi ons
〔考点4〕 虚拟语气的倒装:略去条件句中的if,将were,sh ould,had 前置,直接引出虚拟条件句.
例1:Were he to tell us everything,we could try to s olve his problem
例2:There is a real possibility that these animals could be fright ened,should there be a sudden noise
例3:Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce,let alone got ten on
〔考点5〕 在一些意为“要求、建议、命令”等含义的动词后的宾语从句中 ,谓语动词要使用 虚拟语气,形式为should(可省略)+ 动词原形.常见的此类动词有:advise,ask,agree ,allow,command,decide,demand,ensure,insist,maintain,move,order,prefer,propose,require,request,suggest,urge等.
例:In the past men generally preferred that their wives wo rk in the home
〔考点6〕 某些特定名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词要使用虚 拟语气,常见的此 类名词有:advice,command,demand,desire,importance,insistence,motion,neces sity,order,preference,proposal,request,requirement,resolution,significanc e,suggestion等.
例:Jean Wagner?ss most enduring contribution to the study of Afr o American poetr y is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious,as well as worldly,frame of reference
〔考点7〕 在“It is (was) + 形容词 / 过去分词+ that引导的主语从句” 句型中,从句中 的谓语动词要使用虚拟语气.常见的此类形容词和过去分词有:advisable,demanded,des irable,desired,essential,imperative,important,necessary,natural,ordered,preferable,required,suggested,urgent 等.
例:The board deemed it urgent that these files should be p rinted right awa y
〔考点8〕 在“wish +宾语从句”的句型中,表达与事实相反或无法实现的愿望.
例:I wish I could have gone to the party with you y esterday鼻胱⒁庑槟庥锲在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法.
〔考点9〕 在 would/had rather,would just as soon,would sooner,wo uld prefer后面 的从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,用过去时表示现在或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过 去的情况.
例1:sd rather you went by train,because I can?st bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather
例2:sd just as soon you hadn?st told her about it
〔考点10〕 在as if 和as though引导的从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气.
例:He talks as if he knew everything
〔考点11〕 在“It?ss(high / about)time that 豹豹 ”结构中,从 句中的动词要用虚拟语气,并常用一般过去时.
例:It?ss high time that children went to bed
〔考点12〕 在 lest,for fear that,in case引起的从句中,谓语动词要 用虚拟语气,注意should一般不可以省略.
例1:He took his raincoat with him lest it sh ould rain
例2:The thief hid behind the bushes for fear that we should find h im
〔考点13〕 在 if only 引导的从句里,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,用过去完 成 时表示过去的情况,用过去时表示现在的情况,用would / could + V 表示将来的情况.
例1:If only John were here now
例2:If only you hadn?st said that