英语翻译Habits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,se

英语翻译
Habits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.“Not choice,but habit rules the unreflecting creatures,”William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.In the ever-changing 21st century,even the word“habit”carries a negative meaning.
So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation (创新).But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits,we create parallel paths,and even entirely new brain cells,that can jump our trains of thought onto new,innovative tracks.
Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit,we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.In fact,the more new things we try,the more creative we become.
But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain,they’re there to stay.Instead,the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
“The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder,”says Dawna Markova,author of The Open Mind.“But we are taught inst ead to‘decide’,just as our president calls himself‘the Decider’．”She adds,however,that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
“All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware,”she says.Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways:analytically,procedurally,collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively.At the end of adolescence,however,the brain shuts down half of that ability,preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure,meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought.“This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,”explains M.J.Ryan,author of the 2006 book This Year I Will…and Ms.Markova’s business partner.“That’s a lie that we have preserved,and it fosters commonness.Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”This is where developing new habits comes in.

习惯是一项很有趣的事情.我们在不经意间养成的习惯,把我们的大脑变得固定按着一定的熟悉的思维模式思考而处于无意识的轻松状态.人们成了“不会选择的、不会思考的循规蹈矩的生物”这是威廉 华兹华斯在19世纪时说的话.甚至到了风云多变的21世纪,习惯还在起着很负面的作用.
因此当人们在讨论创新的同时也在讨论习惯的时候看起来是自相矛盾的.但是,大脑研究人员发现当我们有意识地去养成一个习惯的时候,在大脑中开辟的是另一条路线,甚至是产生一些新的脑细胞,这让我们的大脑打开了新的思路,新的思维路线.
与其因为不变的习惯而迷失自我,倒不如自觉地养成好的习惯,事实上,我们经历的事情越多,就会变得更有创造性.
但是也不要自寻烦恼试图根除旧的习惯,习惯一旦植入大脑,就会根深蒂固.而经过我们谨慎选择的那些新的习惯则会另辟蹊径,绕过那些旧习.
“创新的首要条件是被好奇所吸引”,《解放思想》的作者唐纳马克伟说,“我们是被动接受而不是做决定,就像我们的领导称他自己为决策者一样.”她补充说,“这样的决策扼杀了所有的可能性而成为唯一.一个好的创新思想者总是寻找更多的可能性.”
我们所有的人（的大脑）都是用我们所不知道的方式来解决问题,她说.研究者在60年代末发现,人类具有与生俱来的四种基本方式面对挑战：分析能力、遵循一定的程序、合作能力以及创新的能力.然而,在青春期结束的时候,大脑丧失了这些能力的一半,仅仅保留在其十几年的生活中看似有用的思维方式.
现今推崇的标准化测试方式让分析和程序化更具意义,意味着我们中的有些人可以用创新和合作的方式去思考.“这打破了美国信仰领域的重要的习惯---那就是任何人可以做任何事儿”M. J. 莱恩解释说,莱恩是2006年出版的《这一年我将要》的作者,也是马克威的业务伙伴.“我们曾经拥有的将不复存在,同时孕育着共性,了解你的特长,并为此付出共多的努力会创造出不平凡”这就是养成新的习惯的方法.