英译中,急用!Nursing researchDefining nursing research requires de

英译中,急用!
Nursing research
Defining nursing research requires determining what is relevant knowledge for nursing .Because nursing is a practice profession,research is essential to develop and refine knowledge that can be used to improve clinical practice.For example,Shoaf and Oliver studied “the effectiveness of normal saline versus normal saline containing 10 U per 1 mL heparin for preventing loss of an intermittent site (heparin lock).”The results of this study “indicated that heparinized saline is not needed to maintain the patency of an intermittent intravenous site,and the use of saline solution alone is less irritating,cause less phlebitis,is less expensive to patients,and saves nursing time”.This study and several others have produced similar results,so this knowledge is ready for use in practice.Thus,nurse need to use normal saline to irrigate patients’ heparin locks,because nursing research has shown that this intervention provides high-quality,cost-effective outcomes for patients.The findings from these have a direct effect on nursing practice.
Nursing research is also needed to generate knowledge about nursing education,nursing administration,health services,characteristics of nurse,and nursing roles.The findings from these studies indirectly influence nursing practice and thus add to nursing’ s body of knowledge.Educational research is needed to provide high-quality learning experiences for nursing students.Nursing administration and health services studies are needed to improve the quality of the health care delivery system.Studies of nurses and nursing roles can influence nurses’ productivity and job satisfaction decreased,and that decreased job satisfaction resulted in decreased retention.Gardner recommended that “job conflict management should be included in any comprehensive retention effort” and that hospitals should create a “work environment capable of empowering and retaining nurses.” These research findings are important because job conflict,job satisfaction,and retention of nurses influence their productivity and ultimately patient care.
Thus,nursing research is needed to develop knowledge that directly and indirectly influences nursing practice.Therefore,in this textbook,nursing research is defined as a scientific process that validates and refines exiting knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences nursing practice.
Nursing is accountable to society for providing high-quality care and seeking ways to improve that care.Though nursing research,scientific knowledge can be developed to improve nursing care,patient outcomes,and the health care delivery system.Nurses need scientific knowledge to improve their decision making regarding what care to provide patients and how to implement that care.A solid research base is needed to documents the effectiveness of selected nursing interventions in treating particular patient problems and promoting positive patient outcomes.

护理研究
Defining护理研究要求确定什么是护理的相关的知识.由于护理是实践行业,研究是根本开发和提炼可以被用于改进临床实践的知识.例如,Shoaf和脚踏铁槌学习了“the有效率正常盐对正常盐包含的10 U每1 mL防止的一个断断续续的站点(肝素锁)的损失肝素.肝素化盐这项研究“indicated的”The结果不是需要的维护一个断断续续的静脉内站点的明显,并且使用单独食盐水是较不恼人的,导致较少phlebitis,是较低花费对患者,并且保存护理time”.这项研究和几其他导致了近似结果,因此这知识实践上即可用.因此,护士需要使用正常盐灌溉patients’肝素锁,因为护理的研究表示,这干预为患者提供优质,有效的结果.从这些的研究结果有对护理的实践的直接效应.
Nursing研究也必要引起关于护理教育、护理管理、护士的卫生业务、特征和护理角色的知识.从这些研究的研究结果间接地影响护理实践和因而增加到nursing’ s大量的知识.教育研究是需要的为护理学生提供优质学习经验.护理管理和卫生业务研究是需要的改进医疗保健送货系统的质量.护士和护理角色的研究可能影响减少的nurses’生产力和工作满意程度,并且那种减少的工作满意程度导致减少的保留.Gardner推荐“job冲突管理在所有全面保留effort”应该包括,并且医院应该创造“work环境能够授权和保留nurses.”这些研究研究结果是重要的,因为工作冲突、护士的工作满意程度和保留影响他们的生产力和终于病人护理.
Thus,护理的研究是需要的开发直接或间接地影响护理实践的知识.所以,在这本课本,护理的研究被定义作为确认并且提炼退出知识的一个科学过程并且引起直接或间接地影响护理实践的新知识.