英语翻译In this discussion long polymers lf nucleotides joined b

英语翻译
In this discussion long polymers lf nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds are referred to as polynucleotides,in accordance with the prevailing nomenclature.A distinct name,oligonucleotide,is reserved for shorter nucleotide containing polymers.According to formal rules of nomenclature,however,polynucleotides must be named by using roots derived from the names of the corresponding nucleotides,and using the ending ylyl.For example,the polynucleotide segment,in which the 5’ terminal is on the left of each nucleotide residue,should be named from left to right.
It is apparent,however,that the result of this approach is so cumbersome that abbreviations are generally preferred.For example,the oligonucleotides shown in the text is usually referred to as dAdCdGdT,and a polynucleotide containing only one kind of nucleotide,for example ,dA,may be written as poly (dA).Oligo-and polynucleotide structures are also written out in shorthand.In every instance the sequence is written starting on the left with the nucleotide of the 5’ terminus.
DNA is made of polynucleotides,and it is the specific sequence of bases along a polynucleotide chain that determines the biological proteins of the polymer.Although the structure of the nucleic acid building blocks,the bases,had been correctly known for many years,the polymeric structure initially proposed for DNA turned out to be one of the classical errors in the history of biochemistry.Experimental data obtained from what appears to have been partially degraded samples of DNA,and several other misconceptions,led to the erroneous conclusion that DNA consisted of repeating tetranucleotide units.Each tetranucleotide supposedly contained equimolar quantities of the four common bases.These impressions persisted to some degree until the late 1940s and early 1950s,when they were clearly shown to be in error.In the interim,however these misconceptions were responsible for setting back the acceptance of the concept that the DNA of chromosomes carried genetic information.The monotonous structure of repeating tetranucleotides appeared incapable of having the versatility to encode for the enormous number of messages necessary to convey hereditary traits.Instead proteins,which can be ordered in an almost unlimited number of amino acid sequences,were favored as the most suitable candidates for a hereditary function.The transformation experiment carried out in the mid -1940s,and the subsequent finding the DNA consists of polynucleotide rather than tetranucleotide chains,were responsible for the general acceptance of the hereditary role of DNA that follwed.

如果长链聚合物在这次讨论中加入了phosphodiester债券核苷酸法(以下简称,根据普遍的术语.一个独特的名称,寡核苷酸短,被保留给含聚合物.根据正式规则的法,然而,必须命名法用根的名字来自相应的核苷酸ylyl,并以结束.例如,polynucleotide段中,5 '终端就在左边的每一个核苷酸渣,应该被从左向右.
很明显,然而,这种方法的结果,那么粗笨首选的缩写.例如,oligonucleotides中显示的文本一般是指含polynucleotide dAdCdGdT,只有一种核苷酸,例如,达,要变成这样的写法聚(大).Oligo-and polynucleotide结构也写在速记.在每种情况下,开始写序列与左边的核苷酸5 '列车的终点站.
DNA是由法,它是一种专门的顺序polynucleotide链六百英里决定生物蛋白质的聚合物虽然核酸的结构的依据、积木,有很多年前就知道正确的聚合体结构,提出了最初DNA的历史上的经典错误生物化学系.实验得到的数据似乎已经部分退化样品DNA和其他一些错误认识,导致错误的结论,以致DNA由重复tetranucleotide单位.每个tetranucleotide据称包含equimolar大量的四种常见基地.在某种程度上坚持这些印象一直到一九四○年代末期和20世纪50年代初期,当他们很清楚的显示了在错误.在这段期间,然而这些错误想法是负责设置回接受概念进行DNA染色体的基因信息.单调重复结构tetranucleotides出现无法有多样化的编码需要大量的信息传达的遗传特征.而不是可以订购蛋白在几乎无限数量的氨基酸序列的,是被喜爱的,作为最合适的应聘者进行遗传功能.改造实验中-1940s以及随后的发现DNA由polynucleotide而不是tetranucleotide链,负责的普遍接受follwed DNA遗传作用.