be动词可以做什么成分

be动词可以做什么成分

e
[bi:; bi]
prep.
是, 在, 存在
[域] Belgium , 比利时
abbr.
[军] Base Ejection, 弹底喷射
Be
symb 〈化〉铍 (beryllium)
BE
=Bank of England 英格兰银行[英]
be
be
AHD:[b¶]
D.J.[bi8]
K.K.[bi]
v.（动词）
第一和第三人称单数陈述语气过去动词形式 was[w¾z, w¼z] [w…z ] 非重读时 第二人称单数和复数以及第一和第三人称复数过去陈述语气词 were[wûr] were的过去虚拟语气词过去分词 been[b¹n] 现在分词 be.ing[b¶“¹ng] 第一人称单数现在陈述语气词 am[²m] 第二人称单数和复数以及第一和第三人称复数现在陈述语气词 are[är] 第三人称单数现在陈述语气词 is[¹z] 现在虚拟语气词 be
v.intr.（不及物动词）
To exist in actuality; have life or reality:
有,存在：存在于现实中；有生命或现实性：
I think, therefore I am.
我思故我在
To occupy a specified position:
在：占据一个特定的位置：
The food is on the table.
食物在桌上
To remain in a certain state or situation undisturbed, untouched, or unmolested:
处于,持续：保持某一种状态不受干扰、没被触碰、没被干涉妨害：
Let the children be.
随这些孩子们去
To take place; occur:
举行；发生：
The test was yesterday.
昨天进行了测验
To go or come:
去或来：
Have you ever been to Italy? Have you been home recently?
你曾经去过意大利吗?最近你回过家吗?
Usage Problem Used as a copula in such senses as:
【用法疑难】 是：在下面的意义上作系动词使用：
To equal in identity:
是：介绍相等的身份：
“To be a Christian was to be a Roman”(James Bryce)
“如果是个基督徒就等于是个罗马人”(詹姆斯·布赖斯)
To have a specified significance:
具有特殊意义：
A is excellent, C is passing. Let n be the unknown quantity.
A表示优秀,C表示及格.n表示未知数
To belong to a specified class or group:
类：属于一个特定的阶级或团体：
The human being is a primate.
人类是灵长类动物
To have or show a specified quality or characteristic:
是：具有或表现出特定的性质或特点：
She is lovely. All men are mortal.
她是可爱的.人难免一死
To seem to consist or be made of:
似乎是由…组成或制成的：
The yard is all snow. He is all bluff and no bite.
院子里全是雪.他只会虚张声势
To belong; befall:
属于；遇到：
Peace be unto you. Woe is me.
愿你平安.我真伤心
v.aux.（助动词）
Used with the past participle of a transitive verb to form the passive voice:
与一个及物动词的过去分词连用,形成被动语态：
The mayoral election is held annually.
市长选举每年都会举行
Used with the present participle of a verb to express a continuing action:
与动词的现在分词连用,表示一个持续不断的动作：
We are working to improve housing conditions.
我们正努力改善住房条件
Used with the infinitive of a verb to express intention, obligation, or future action:
与动词不定式连用表示倾向、义务或将来的动作：
She was to call before she left. You are to make the necessary changes.
她打算在离开前打电话.你要做出必要的改变
Archaic Used with the past participle of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect tense:
【古语】 与某些不及物动词的过去分词连用,形成现在完成时态：
“Where be those roses gone which sweetened so our eyes?”(Philip Sidney)
“那些令人赏心悦目的玫瑰花哪里去了?”(菲利普·悉尼)
Middle English ben
中古英语 ben
from Old English b¶n * see bheu…-
源自 古英语 b¶n *参见 bheu…-
See am 1 , is , etc. for links to other Indo-European roots
参见 am1 , is等,因为同其它印欧语根的联系
be, breathe, exist, live, subsist
The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to have life or reality”:
这些动词共有的中心意思是“具有生命或现实性”：
Her parents are no more.
她的父母去世了.
A nicer person has never breathed.
世上活着的人里再没有比他更好的了.
He is one of the worst actors who ever existed.
他是有史以来最差的演员之一.
Human beings cannot live without food and water.
没有食物和水人类不能生存.
The benevolence subsisting in her character draws her friends closer to her.
存在于她性格中的仁慈吸引她的朋友们接近她.
Traditional grammar requires the nominative form of the pronoun in the predicate of the verb be : It is I (not me ); That must be they (not them ), and so forth. Even literate speakers of Modern English have found the rule difficult to conform to, but the stigmatization of It is me is by now so deeply lodged among the canons of correctness that there is little likelihood that the construction will ever be entirely acceptable in formal writing. Adherence to the traditional rule in informal speech, however, has come to sound increasingly pedantic, and begins to sound absurd when the verb is contracted, as in It's we. · The traditional rule creates particular problems when the pronoun following be also functions as the object of a verb or preposition in a relative clause, as in It is not them/they that we have in mind when we talk about “crime in the streets” nowadays, where the plural pronoun serves as both the predicate of is and the object of have. In this example, 57 percent of the Usage Panel preferred the nominative form they, 33 percent preferred the accusative them, and 10 percent accepted both versions. But H.W. Fowler, like other authorities, argued that the use of the nominative here is an error caused by “the temptation . . . to assume, perhaps from hearing It is me corrected to It is I, that a subjective [nominative] case cannot be wrong after the verb to be. ” Writers can usually find a way to avoid this problem: They are not the ones we have in mind, We have someone else in mind, and so on. See Usage Note at I 1we
传统语法要求系动词谓语中的代词用主格形式be ： It is I （而不是 me ）； That must be they （而不是 them ）,等等. 即使现代英语有文化的人也发现很难遵守这个规则,而It is me 的烙印现在已深刻地印入了判断是否正确的准则之中, 以致很少有可能使这种用法在正式书面语中被完全接受.但是在非正式讲话中奉行传统规则已经日益变得象在卖弄学问.并且当系动词被缩减时,就象在It's we 中一样,听起来反而象是不合语法的. 当代词跟在be 后面做动词宾语或做关系从句中的介语宾语时,传统的规则就象在 当我们谈到当今“街上的犯罪”时,他们不是我们心中所想的那些人, 句中复数代词同时充当is 的宾语和 have 的宾语. 在这个例子中57%的用法使用小组更喜欢用主格形式they, 33%更喜欢用宾格形式them, 而10%则两种都接受.但是象其他的权威一样,H.W.福勒争论道,在这里用主格是一个错误,它之所以错是因为“多半听到了It is me 都被改正成 It is I 而拿不定主意,以为主格的情况在动词 to be 后面不可能错.” 作家们常常能够找到一个办法来避免这个问题：他们不是我们所想的人,我们脑子里想的是另一些人等等 参见 I1we
Be
Be
NONE（无词性）
The symbol for the element beryllium
元素beryllium的符号
BE
BE
abbr.（略语）
Also B.E. Bachelor of Education.
也作 B.E. 教育学士
Also B.E. Bachelor of Engineering.
也作 B.E. 工学士
Board of Education.
地方教育委员会
be
[bi:]
vi.
现在时 I am, you are, he is, we are, you are, they are （缩略式 I'm, you're, he's, we're, you're, they're）, （否定缩略式 I'm not, isn't, aren't）, 过去时 I was, you were, he was, we were, you were, they were （过去时否定缩略式 wasn't, weren't）, 过去分词 been, 现在分词 being
作助动词用,构成各种时态或语态
Be calm!
安静!
We're going now.
我们现在就去.
He was bitten by a dog.
他被狗咬了.
连接主语和补语
Horses are animals.
马是动物.
This book is mine.
这本书是我的.
He will be happy.
他会幸福的.
The old lady was upstairs.
那位老妇人在楼上待过.
存在
Be
symb.
〈化〉铍 (beryllium)
Be动词的用法：
现在时 I am, you are, he is, we are, you are, they are （缩略式 I'm, you're, he's, we're, you're, they're）, （否定缩略式 I'm not, isn't, aren't）, 过去时 I was, you were, he was, we were, you were, they were （过去时否定缩略式 wasn't, weren't）, 过去分词 been, 现在分词 being
1） be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如：
They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会.
2) be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如：
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的.
3） be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容：
a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如：
He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约.
说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法.
b. 表示命令,例如：
You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释.
c. 征求意见,例如：
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?
d. 表示相约、商定,例如：
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合.
现在进行时：
构成:主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式
第一人称+am+v-ing
第二人称+are+v-ing
第三人称+is+v-ing
定义：现在进行时表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作.
可以表示有计划的未来.也是一般现在时表将来.
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情.
We are waiting for you.
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行.
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态.)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c.已经确定或安排好的将来活动
I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了）
we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了）
d.有些动词（状态动词不用于进行时态）
1.表示知道或了解的动词:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand
2.表示“看起来”“看上去"appear,resemble,seem
3表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.lover.prefer
4表示构成或来源的动词 be come from.contain,include
5表示感官的动词 hear see smell sound taste
6表示拥有的动词belong to.need.own .possess.want wish
【No. 1】现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由"be+v-ing"构成.be应为助动词,初学者最容易漏掉,它应与主语的人称和数保持一致.
【No. 2】现在进行时的应用
在实际运用时,现在进行时常用以下几种情况：
(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时.如：
They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球.
(2)以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时.如：
Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌.
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时.如：
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型.
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动.此时也常用现在进行时.如：
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝.
【No. 3】现在进行时的变化
肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.
否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.
一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它?
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它?
对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根据实际情况回答.
c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等.
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩.
You are always changing your mind.
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时.
e:现在进行时有时可以用来表示赞叹或厌烦的感情.例如:
He is always causing trouble.
他总是惹麻烦.

The Present Continuous Tense 现在进行时
现在进行时最容易出现错误的地方在动词的现在分词形式,我们在复习的时候要特别注意不规则动词的变化形式.
例如：
taking,taking是take的ing形式,以e结尾要去e加ing;
swimming,beginning,putting,要双写最后一个字母,之后加ing;
buying,playing,teaching,等大部分单词直接加ing.
有一些特殊变化(或者说以Ie为结尾的重读闭音节的动词)的现在分词〔有3个〕,:lying—lie, dying ―die tying―tie 这些以ie结尾要去e再把I变y再加ing．
1.The Present Continuous Tense 现在进行时
2.现在进行时最容易出现错误的地方在动词的现在分词形式,我们在复习的时候要特别注意不规则动词的变化形式.
3.例如：
4.swimming,beginning,putting,taking,buying.
has和have的用法
has和have都表示有,但用法不同.
has用在第三人称单数形式（能转换成it的人称形式）中；have用在第一人称和第二人称中；如果一个句子中有does(或did)的话,has变为have,does就相当于一个还原器.
例句：
has：He has a bag.他有一个书包.
have：I have a pen.我有一知钢笔.
Do you have a book?你有一本书吗?
关于does的:Does he have a notebook?他有一个笔记本吗?
She doesn't have a computer.她没有一个电脑.