英语翻译Marbury v.Madison5 U.S.(1 Cranch)137 (1803)The election

英语翻译
Marbury v.Madison
5 U.S.(1 Cranch)137 (1803)
The election of 1800 brought a solid victory to Jefferson and his Republican Party,but it also resulted in a tie(选票相当) for President between Jefferson and Burr.The decision of which of the two should be President was left to the old Federalist-dominated Congress.The debate went on for several months and gave the Federalists the opportunity to strengthen their position before leaving office.
On February 4,1801,John Marshall,the Secretary of State of John Adam’s federalist administration,was made Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court,while continuing to serve as Secretary of State.On February 13,the Federalist-dominated Congress enacted a Circuit Court Act creating several new judgeships.On February 27,Congress enacted a bill creating 42 Justices of the Peace( 治安法官）within the District of Columbia.After the Senate confirmation,Adams signed the commissions(委任状）of all the judges and JPs and gave them to Marshall for delivery.However,delivery was not completed by the midnight of March 3,and on the morning of March 4,when Jefferson took over the presidency,he found several of the commissions in the Secretary of State’s office and forbade their delivery.
Marbury was one of the JPs whose commission was undelivered.He sued James Madison,who was now Jefferson’s Secretary of State,in the Supreme Court of the United States,for a writ of mandamus(强制令) ordering that the commission be delivered.In doing so ,he relied on Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789,which authorized the Supreme Court to issue the writ as an exercise of its original jurisdiction.
Of course the federalist-dominated court wanted to say that President Jefferson should have delivered the commissions to those who had been duly appointed under the previous administration.But the court also feared that asserting jurisdiction over this case would invite a snub(怠慢) from the Jefferson Administration.So the court undertook to interpret the constitutional provision with regard to its original jurisdiction,which it found did not cover the case.Thus,in declining to exercise a power withheld from it by the Constitution,the Supreme Court not only successfully evaded a political confrontation but also asserted a far more important power:the power of the judicial review.

马布里v.Madison
5美国（ 1 Cranch ） 137 （ 1803 ）
选举1800年带来了坚实的胜利杰斐逊和他的共和党,但它也导致了并列（选票相当）之间总统杰弗逊和毛刺.的决定,这两个应该是留给总统的老联邦党人控制的国会.辩论持续了好几个月了联邦党人和机会,以加强其卸任前的位置.
在1801年2月4日,马歇尔,国务秘书约翰亚当的联邦行政部门,是终审法院首席法官的美国最高法院,同时继续担任国务卿.2月13日的联邦控制的国会颁布了一项巡回法院法创造了几个新的法官.2月27日,国会颁布一项法案,建立42太平绅士（治安法官）在哥伦比亚特区.参议院确认后,亚当斯签署了委员会（委任状）的所有法官和太平绅士交给马歇尔交付.然而,交割尚未完成的3月3日午夜,在3月4日上午,当杰弗逊接管主席,他发现几个委员会在国务卿办公室,并禁止其运载.
马布里是一个太平绅士的委员会交付.他起诉詹姆斯麦迪逊,谁现在杰弗逊的国务卿,在最高法院美国,令状强制（强制令）命令,该委员会交付.在这样做时,他依靠第13条司法法1789年,它授权最高法院发出令状作为行使其原来的管辖范围之内.
当然,联邦主义者占主导地位的法院想说总统杰弗逊应交付委员会向那些谁被正式任命的前政府.但法院还担心,主张管辖权,这种情况下将邀请冷落（怠慢）从杰斐逊行政.因此,法院进行了解释宪法规定就其原管辖范围内,认为它没有涉及此案.因此,在减少行使权力,由它的宪法,最高法院不仅成功地回避政治对抗,而且还声称更为重要的权力：权力的司法审查.