英语翻译随着社会的进步,现代汽车工业快速发展,在为人类提供方便、舒适、快捷的交通工具的同时,也产生了严重的负面影响,即环

英语翻译
随着社会的进步,现代汽车工业快速发展,在为人类提供方便、舒适、快捷的交通工具的同时,也产生了严重的负面影响,即环境污染.控制汽车尾气排放,改善城市大气环境质量,已成为刻不容缓的城市问题之一.本文从分析外部性出发,在对汽车使用过程中产生的负外部性探讨的同时,提出相应对策
一、汽车污染的负外部性分析
(一)汽车污染的负外部性.
经济学认为,当个人或企业的福利要依赖于其他人的行为,而这些“其他人”在他们的决策过程中又不会考虑这种相互影响的关系时,“外部性”就出现了.汽车的使用正符合这种特征.作为现代交通工具的汽车,由于社会机制和技术等方面的原因,在使用过程中常常会对环境和交通系统本身产生过度的冲击,形成明显的负外部性,即汽车使用的外部成本.
根据汽车外部成本的影响对象,可将其分为两大类:一是指以使用者为影响对象的外部成本,如交通拥挤.二是指以非使用者为主要影响对象的外部成本,主要包括交通污染和交通噪声.在汽车产生的负外部效应中,第二类对社会所造成的危害更为显著,这种外部效应存在面广,影响范围宽.本文讨论的汽车外部性,主要是指第二类外部成本,即汽车使用所引起的环境污染.
随着我国经济的快速发展,人们的收入水平不断增加,能够购买私家车的人越来越多,城市汽车的保有量迅速增加.由于城市中以前建设的道路较窄,又来不及扩展,造成城市交通拥堵现象加剧,等车时间增加,怠速时间延长,造成燃油的无谓消耗;同时,尾气排放也剧增,致使城市空气污染严重,城市居民的健康受到影响.
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As society advances, the rapid development of the modern automobile industry, for human convenience, comfort, and efficient transportation, but also had a serious negative impact that the environmental pollution. Control vehicle exhaust emissions, improve air quality in cities has become one of the city without delay. Starting from the analysis of this externality, in the use of vehicles produced in the process of negative externalities, while proposed countermeasures
First, the vehicle's negative externalities of pollution
(A) vehicle pollution, negative externalities.
Economics, when the welfare of individuals and businesses rely on other people's behavior, and these "others" in their decision-making process and would not consider such a relationship of mutual influence, "external" to appear. The use of cars is in line with this feature. As a modern transport vehicles, due to social mechanisms and technical and other reasons, often in the course of the environment and transport system itself will produce excessive impact, the formation of significant negative externalities, that is, the external costs of automobile use.
According to the external costs of car objects, can be divided into two categories: one refers to the user targeted for external costs, such as traffic congestion. The second refers to the impact of non-users as the main object of the external costs, including traffic pollution and traffic noise. In the negative external effects produced car, the second type of social harm caused by even more significant, there is such a wide range of external effects, affecting a wide range. This article discusses the auto externalities, mainly refers to the second category of external costs, that is caused by the use of vehicles environmental pollution.
With China's rapid economic development, increasing people's income level, be able to buy private cars, more than a city car ownership is increasing rapidly. As the city before the construction of the road is narrow, and too late to expand, causing the phenomenon of increased urban traffic congestion, waiting time increased, prolonged idling, resulting in unnecessary fuel consumption; the same time, dramatic increase in exhaust emissions, resulting in urban air pollution is serious, affected the health of urban residents.