英语翻译It is the job of sports psychologists to help athletes t

英语翻译
It is the job of sports psychologists to help athletes toward that goal,training their minds as effectively as the coaches train their bodies.
For many athletes,competing at the Olympics is the dream of a lifetime.They often find themselves
under a tremendous amount of pressure.Sports psychologists train athletes to prepare for that pressure and to learn to deal with it.
Psychologist Michael Mahoney of Pennsylvania State University,for example,conducted training sessions with members of the U.S.Olympic weight-lifting team under conditions similar to those they would have to compete under at the Games.They practiced in a large stadium,with noisy distractions and flashing lights.Athletes who had expressed nervousness before the crowd were taught to focus their attention on the sport,rather than the audience.
Mahoney once worked with a gymnast who had a hard time doing a back flip,a move that he had done with ease in the past.Mahoney found that the athlete had no clear picture of himself doing the move.
on the contrary,he was picturing what he was doing wrong.With Mahoney’s help,the athlete was able to learn to visualize doing the move correctly and was finally able to perform in that way.
The visualization technique is one of the most common tools of sports psychologists.Using visualization,athletes can rehearse mentally.Many athletes have incorporated the technique into their training.In fact,psychologists say they learned the technique from athletes who were using it.
Skier Phil Mahre,who won a gold medal in the slalom at the 1984 Winter Olympics,says he used visualization to build his confidence before a race.“I visualized myself as the one to beat,” he said.“The biggest thing was not worrying about the other athletes,I thought about how I was going to ski.”
“It does make a big difference whether you are mentally prepared or not,” said Bob Nideffer,the psychologist who is working with the men’s track and field team.” Those who are mentally prepared can maintain a constant level of performance and the other people can’t.”

体育心理学家的工作是帮助运动员实现目标,就像教练训练身体一样有效的训练头脑.
对于许多运动员来说,参加奥运会上的竞赛是他们一生的梦想.他们经常发现自己处在巨大的压力下.体育心理学家就是要培养运动员如何应对压力和处理压力.
例如,美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学的心理学家迈克.马奥尼就在和奥运会竞赛条件相似的环境下训练美国奥运举重队成员.他们在一个大型体育场训练,里面充斥着嘈杂的干扰和闪烁的灯光.那些曾在人群前表示紧张的运动员就被教导将他们的注意力集中在运动上,而不是注意观众.
马奥尼也曾指导过一个体操运动员,这个运动员有一个后空翻动作做不好,而这个动作他曾经很容易做.马奥尼发现这个运动员对于自己所做的动作没有清晰的画面.相反,他却很清楚自己在做错什么.在 Mahoney的帮助下,这个运动员清楚了做正确运动的形象画面,并终于能够以这种方式来做这个动作.
是体育心理学家最常见的使用工具之一.利用用可视化,运动员可以很清楚的进行训练.许多运动员都将可视化技术纳入他们的训练中.事实上,心理学家说他们是从运动员的使用中学会这一技术.
滑雪运动员菲尔.马尔在1984年冬季奥运会的障碍滑雪中赢得了一枚金牌,他说他是在赛前用可视化技术建立了他的信心.“我将自己看做对手”他说.“最重要的事情不是担心其他运动员,而是考虑我是如何去滑雪.”
鲍勃.尼蒂芬,男子田径心理学家说：“它所产生的区别就是无论你是否做好了心理准备”.谁做好了心理准备谁就能保持稳定的竞赛水平,没做准备的人就不能.“