作业帮动词不定式的用法解析 ,练习题及答案
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动词不定式的用法解析 ,练习题及答案
高中应掌握的动词不定式知识
1.不定式的构成形式：to do\to be done\to be doing\to have done \to have been done
2.不定式的语法功能：主语、宾语、宾补、表语、状语、定语.
3.不定式在某些句型中的意义：
1）主+谓（推断）+to be(表同时）/to have done（表发生在主要动词之前）/to be doing(表动作正进行)
谓语动词：seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,be thought,be reported,be known等.
2）主+谓（希望）+to do(表将来)/to have done (表过去原本希望,但未能实现）谓语动词：hoped,meant,wanted,expected,wished,planned,promised,disired等.
3）不定式作主语,常用形式主语it代替.
A.It takes sb.some time\some money\some trouble to do sth.
B It costs sb.some money\time\energy\labour to do sth.
C.It is adj.for sb.to do sth.
D.It is adj.of sb.to do sth.( 常用形容词good,kind,clever,stupid,cruel,rude,polite,wrong,right,wise,brave,careful,naughty...)
4）不定式作宾语,常用形式宾语it代替.句式为：主+consider,think,make,feel,find,know,regard,believe+it +宾补+to do sth.
4.只能由不定式作宾语的动词有：offer,afford,learn,plan,demand,ask,promise,agree,help,prepare,decide,choose,determine,refuse,dare,manage,hope,wish,expect,long,fail,pretend.
5.常用不定式作宾补的动词有：like,hate,encourage,wish,ask,tell,want,desire,expect,prefer,permit,order,allow,invite,force,warn,cause,advise,request,oblige,get,beg,persuade,teach.
6.常用不带to不定式作宾补的动词有：see,look at,watch,notice,observe,listen to,hear,make,have,let.help (to),feel,注意区别：find sb.to be\get sb.to do sth..
7.疑问词+不定式=名词短语或名词从句.
8.不定式作状语表目的,结果,原因等 .
其中,结果状语通常为only to do…表示________________的结果.
特例：1） in order to=so as to(只用于句子后）\...so as to=so...as to=in order that\so that+从句can\could\may\might+v.表目的.
2）so as to +v.=so that ...表结果.
3）too+adj.\adv.for sb.to do sth.
4) adj.\adv.enough to do sth.(enough修饰名词可前可后）
9.不定式作表语.
特例：主+seem\appear\happen to +v.
10.不定式作定语
1）不定式的动词如果是不及物动词,应带上介词.（ 修饰time,place,way除外）
2）主动和被动：
不定式与所修饰的词构成逻辑上的主谓关系常用主动.I have homework to do.
11.不定式的省略：
1）to的省略
A：感官动词、使役动词之后,并且是主动句,如是被动句,仍需要to （get,order,ask,cause,find除外）
B：do+something\anything\nothing+but\except\besides+v.
C：Why not...had better,would rather之后.
D:不定式作定语,主动表被动,如:1)I have some maths problems to work out.注意区别当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,如:Do you have any clothes to be washed?I will wash them for you.仍用被动结构.
E：不定式作表语形容词的状语时,主动表被动He found Chinese difficult to learn.
2）动词的省略：下列动词常省略所重复的动词,但be和have 助动词除外.(want\hope\wish\'d like\hate\try\ought\mean\plan\need\used\be able \be going \be supposed to.)
1.不定式的构成形式：to do\to be done\to be doing\to have done \to have been done
2.不定式的语法功能：主语、宾语、宾补、表语、状语、定语.
3.不定式在某些句型中的意义：
1）主+谓（推断）+to be(表同时）/to have done（表发生在主要动词之前）/to be doing(表动作正进行)
谓语动词：seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,be thought,be reported,be known等.
2）主+谓（希望）+to do(表将来)/to have done (表过去原本希望,但未能实现）谓语动词：hoped,meant,wanted,expected,wished,planned,promised,disired等.
3）不定式作主语,常用形式主语it代替.
A.It takes sb.some time\some money\some trouble to do sth.
B It costs sb.some money\time\energy\labour to do sth.
C.It is adj.for sb.to do sth.
D.It is adj.of sb.to do sth.( 常用形容词good,kind,clever,stupid,cruel,rude,polite,wrong,right,wise,brave,careful,naughty...)
4）不定式作宾语,常用形式宾语it代替.句式为：主+consider,think,make,feel,find,know,regard,believe+it +宾补+to do sth.
4.只能由不定式作宾语的动词有：offer,afford,learn,plan,demand,ask,promise,agree,help,prepare,decide,choose,determine,refuse,dare,manage,hope,wish,expect,long,fail,pretend.
5.常用不定式作宾补的动词有：like,hate,encourage,wish,ask,tell,want,desire,expect,prefer,permit,order,allow,invite,force,warn,cause,advise,request,oblige,get,beg,persuade,teach.
6.常用不带to不定式作宾补的动词有：see,look at,watch,notice,observe,listen to,hear,make,have,let.help (to),feel,注意区别：find sb.to be\get sb.to do sth..
7.疑问词+不定式=名词短语或名词从句.
8.不定式作状语表目的,结果,原因等 .
其中,结果状语通常为only to do…表示________________的结果.
特例：1） in order to=so as to(只用于句子后）\...so as to=so...as to=in order that\so that+从句can\could\may\might+v.表目的.
2）so as to +v.=so that ...表结果.
3）too+adj.\adv.for sb.to do sth.
4) adj.\adv.enough to do sth.(enough修饰名词可前可后）
9.不定式作表语.
特例：主+seem\appear\happen to +v.
10.不定式作定语
1）不定式的动词如果是不及物动词,应带上介词.（ 修饰time,place,way除外）
2）主动和被动：
不定式与所修饰的词构成逻辑上的主谓关系常用主动.I have homework to do.
11.不定式的省略：
1）to的省略
A：感官动词、使役动词之后,并且是主动句,如是被动句,仍需要to （get,order,ask,cause,find除外）
B：do+something\anything\nothing+but\except\besides+v.
C：Why not...had better,would rather之后.
D:不定式作定语,主动表被动,如:1)I have some maths problems to work out.注意区别当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,如:Do you have any clothes to be washed?I will wash them for you.仍用被动结构.
E：不定式作表语形容词的状语时,主动表被动He found Chinese difficult to learn.
2）动词的省略：下列动词常省略所重复的动词,但be和have 助动词除外.(want\hope\wish\'d like\hate\try\ought\mean\plan\need\used\be able \be going \be supposed to.)