作业帮难难难(⊙o⊙)？
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/10/04 13:45:59
什么是形式主语？什么是宾语从句？什么是定语从句？什么是谓语？什么是目的壮语？什么是情态动词？请老师对以上问题做以详细解答。
解题思路： 学习语法时可通过典型的例句进行掌握。
解题过程：
解答：
形式主语
作为形式主语的it并无实际语义，只是为满足语法上的需要，避免句子头重脚轻，它代替
的是句子的逻辑主语，概括起来会有如下情况：
1. 句子的逻辑主语为不定式
如：It is very kind of you to give me a hand in time.
It is my pleasure to address the meeting.
It was pretty hard for him to bring up the child on his own.
2. 句子的逻辑主语为从句
如：It so happened that the tickets were sold out.
It is extremely obvious that she has been lying about her identity.
It suddenly occurred to me that the message must have been hidden
between the layers of the briefcase.
3. 句子的逻辑主语为动名词短语
这类句子远不如前面两种出现率高，主要在（no good, waste, useless, no use,
dangerous）等词语的后面用
如：It is no use reasoning with him.
It is no good reading in dim light.
宾语从句
宾语从句是及物动词或介词后面的句子，用来说明动词或介词所涉及的相
关情况。
I think she will come to your birthday party.
我认为他会来参加你的生日聚会。（动词think所带的宾语从句）
We are talking about who should be in charge of the activity.
我们正在讨论谁应该负责这次活动。（介词about带的宾语从句）
定语从句
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
在初中英语中要求学生掌握关系代词that,which,who 引导的定语从句.
一．关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词
句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句
代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 Who which that
宾语 Whom which that
1.This is the detective who came from London.
2.The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
3.The man who(m) you are talking to is my good friend.
4.This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.
２．关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing,
everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last any, only, few, much ,
no , some ,very 等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，
或whom。例如：
This is my first time that I have seen her.
(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词
也不能省略。例如：
The boy,who is good at soccer,comes from Xinjiang.
That necklace,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday.
(4) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）
仅用于限制性定语从句中。
(5) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。
例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(6) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone,
somebody,关系代词多用 who 或whom.
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
谓语
谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
一般可分为两类：
1)，简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
We study for the peo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式
I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。
状语
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示，放在句末。 They plant trees in order to keep the soil on the hills. 他们种树以便把土壤保持在山上。
情态动词
情态动词(modal verb)有一定的意义，无人称和数的变化，和不带to的动词一起构成谓语，表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。有can (能)，may (可以，也许)，must(必须)等及其过去式could，might等。例：Can you pass me the books? 你能给我递一下书吗? May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的词典吗? He must be the man I am looking for.他一定是我要找的人。
祝你的英语成绩越来越棒！
３．"介词＋关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构
(1) "介词＋关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词＋关系代词"结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。
例:Is that the house in which you live ?
(2)像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
最终答案：略
解题过程：
解答：
形式主语
作为形式主语的it并无实际语义，只是为满足语法上的需要，避免句子头重脚轻，它代替
的是句子的逻辑主语，概括起来会有如下情况：
1. 句子的逻辑主语为不定式
如：It is very kind of you to give me a hand in time.
It is my pleasure to address the meeting.
It was pretty hard for him to bring up the child on his own.
2. 句子的逻辑主语为从句
如：It so happened that the tickets were sold out.
It is extremely obvious that she has been lying about her identity.
It suddenly occurred to me that the message must have been hidden
between the layers of the briefcase.
3. 句子的逻辑主语为动名词短语
这类句子远不如前面两种出现率高，主要在（no good, waste, useless, no use,
dangerous）等词语的后面用
如：It is no use reasoning with him.
It is no good reading in dim light.
宾语从句
宾语从句是及物动词或介词后面的句子，用来说明动词或介词所涉及的相
关情况。
I think she will come to your birthday party.
我认为他会来参加你的生日聚会。（动词think所带的宾语从句）
We are talking about who should be in charge of the activity.
我们正在讨论谁应该负责这次活动。（介词about带的宾语从句）
定语从句
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
在初中英语中要求学生掌握关系代词that,which,who 引导的定语从句.
一．关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词
句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句
代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主语 Who which that
宾语 Whom which that
1.This is the detective who came from London.
2.The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
3.The man who(m) you are talking to is my good friend.
4.This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.
２．关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing,
everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last any, only, few, much ,
no , some ,very 等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，
或whom。例如：
This is my first time that I have seen her.
(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词
也不能省略。例如：
The boy,who is good at soccer,comes from Xinjiang.
That necklace,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday.
(4) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）
仅用于限制性定语从句中。
(5) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。
例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(6) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone,
somebody,关系代词多用 who 或whom.
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
谓语
谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
一般可分为两类：
1)，简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
We study for the peo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式
I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。
状语
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示，放在句末。 They plant trees in order to keep the soil on the hills. 他们种树以便把土壤保持在山上。
情态动词
情态动词(modal verb)有一定的意义，无人称和数的变化，和不带to的动词一起构成谓语，表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。有can (能)，may (可以，也许)，must(必须)等及其过去式could，might等。例：Can you pass me the books? 你能给我递一下书吗? May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的词典吗? He must be the man I am looking for.他一定是我要找的人。
祝你的英语成绩越来越棒！
３．"介词＋关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构
(1) "介词＋关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词＋关系代词"结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。
例:Is that the house in which you live ?
(2)像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
最终答案：略