英语阅读理解,Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon,gazing across

英语阅读理解,
Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon,gazing across this giant wound in the Earth’s surface,a visitor might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion.In fact,the events that produced the canyon,far from being sudden and cataclysmic,simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion.
Many millions of years ago the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area contained 10,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level.The additional material consisted of some 14 layered formations of rock.In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years.
Approximately 65 million years ago the plateau’s flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure; geologists refer to this bulging action as upwarping; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau,a process that is still going on.As the plateau gradually rose,shallow rivers that meandered across it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses.One of these rivers,located east of the upwarp,was the ancestor of the Colorado.Another river system called the Hualapai,flowing west of the upwarp,extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upwarp; it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters.The new river then began to carve out the 277-mile-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon.Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action began no earlier than 10 million years ago.
Since then,the canyon forming has been cumulative.To the corrosive force of the river itself have been added other factors.Heat and cold,rain and snow,along with the varying resistance of the rocks,increase the opportunities for erosion.The canyon walls crumble; the river acquires a cutting tool,tons of debris; rainfall running off the high plateau creates feeder streams that carve side canyons.Pushing slowly backward into the plateau,the side canyons expose new rocks,and the pattern of erosion continues.
34.What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Patterns of erosion in different mountain ranges.
(B) Forces that made the Grand Canyon.
(C) The increasing pollution of the Colorado River.
(D) The sudden appearance of the Grand Canyon.
35.In the first sentence,the author refers to the Grand Canyon as a “wound” to
indicate that _____.
(A) it was caused by some ancient convulsion
(B) its presence is an embarrassment to the state of Colorado
(C) it looks like an injury on the Earth’s surface
(D)it has caused many visitors to injure themselves.
36.According to the passage,the first phenomenon to contribute to the formation of
the Grand Canyon was _____.
(A) a series of volcanic eruptions
(B) the collapse of rock formations in the Colorado Plateau
(C) a succession of floods from the Hualapai River and what is now the Colorado
River
(D) the Earth’s internal pressure lifting the Colorado Plateau region.

英译汉
立着的在那之上边壮观峡谷,在整个这一个巨人凝视创伤在那地球的表面,一个访客可能承担峡谷有是引起被一些远古的抽筋.事实上,生产了峡谷的事件,远的从突然和大洪水的,只是加总为那慢的和有秩序的程序腐蚀.
数百万年以前科罗拉多高地在壮观的峡谷区域中包含另外 10,000 个脚岩石超过它做今天而且是相对地同高的.另外的材料有一些 14 分层堆积形成岩石.在壮观的峡谷区域这些层中主要地磨损的在数百万年之间的离开.
六千五百万年前大约高地的公寓表面在被鼓起的壮观的峡谷区域中向上的从内在的压力; 地质学者当做 upwarping 提及这一个凸出的行动; 它是跟随被一般海拔那全部科罗拉多高地,一程序哪一仍然正在继续.当做那高地逐渐玫瑰色,水浅的地方河哪一缓慢而弯曲地流动横过它开始到奔跑更很快和削减更多的明确课程.这些河之一,位于东方 upwarp ,是科罗拉多的祖先.另外的一条河系统呼叫 Hualapai,流动的西方 upwarp,广大的它本身东方的被切断向后地进入 upwarp 之内; 它最后和远古的科罗拉多连接而且取得了它的水域.新的河然后开始雕刻最后变成了壮观的峡谷的 277 里-长的渠.地质学者估计哪一这起始切断行动没有开始了比一千万年前还要早.
之后,峡谷形成有是累积的.到那腐蚀的力量河本身有是附加的其他因素.热和寒冷,雨和雪,向前与改变抵抗那岩石,增加机会为腐蚀.峡谷墙壁崩溃; 河获得一切断工具,大量的碎片; 降雨赛跑走开那高度高地产生饲养者水流哪一雕刻边峡谷.推动慢慢向后的进入高地之内,那边峡谷暴露新的岩石,和那式样腐蚀继续.