有机化学选修5
来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:化学作业 时间:2024/08/26 17:53:19
炔烃、烯烃、卤代烃、醇、酚、醛、羧酸、酯、等 之间的转化关系,系统图 (选修5老师是否有好的课题能将知识点串联起来?)
解题思路: 根据有关内容总结
解题过程:
烃及其衍生物的相互关系 1.烃及其衍生物的相互关系
2.各类有机物的代表物间的转化关系:
有机反应方程式 (一)、烷烃 CH4 +2O2
CO2 + 2H2O CH4 + 2Cl2
CH2Cl2 + 2HCl CH4 + 3Cl2
CHCl3+ 3HCl CH4 + 4Cl2
CCl4 + 4HCl CH4
C + 2H2 (二)、烯烃 C2H4 + 3O2
2CO2 + 2H2O CH2=CH2 + Br2
CH2BrCH2Br CH2=CH2 + H2O
CH3CH2OH CH2=CH2 +H2
CH3CH3 CH2=CH2 +HCl
CH3CH2Cl n CH2=CH2 ![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/7/8f/78f26294692a4d5fa2ac0b072c65c1bb.gif)
CH3CH2OH
CH2=CH2↑ + H2O (三)、炔烃 CaC2 + 2H2O
C2H2↑ + Ca(OH)2 2C2H2 + 5O2
4CO2 + 2H2O CH≡CH + Br2
CHBr=CHBr CHBr=CHBr + Br2
CHBr2CHBr2 CH≡CH +HCl
H2C=CHCl n H2C=CHCl
(四)、芳香烃 2C6H6+15O2
12CO2 + 6H2O
+ Br2
+ HBr
+HO-NO2
+ H2O
+ HO-SO3H
+ H2O
+ 3H2
+ 3HONO2
+ 3H2O (五)、石油 C16H34
C8H18 + C8H16 (六)、卤代烃 CH3CH2Br + H2O
CH3CH2OH + HBr CH3CH2Br +NaOH
CH2=CH2 + NaBr + H2O
(七)、醇类 CH2=CH2 + H2O
CH3CH2OH 2CH3CH2OH + 2Na
2CH3CH2ONa + H2↑ 2CH3CH2OH + O2
2CH3CHO + 2H2O
<1> 2Cu + O2
2 CuO <2> CH3CH2OH + CuO
CH3CHO + H2O + Cu CH3CH2OH
CH2=CH2↑ + H2O CH3CH2OH
CH3CH2OCH2CH3 + H2O (八)、酚类
+ NaOH ![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/8/a3/8a3b8230e5b1bbea77135194f28eb43d.gif)
+ H2O
+ H2O ![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/b/d1/bd121dc78e6e000e14a225820e7a4684.gif)
+ H3O+
+ CO2 + H2O
+ NaHCO3
+3Br2 ![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/8/a3/8a3b8230e5b1bbea77135194f28eb43d.gif)
↓ + 3HBr (九)、醛类 CH3CHO + H2
CH3CH2OH 2CH3CHO + O2
2CH3COOH CH3CHO + 2Ag(NH3)2OH
CH3COONH4 + 2Ag↓ + 3NH3 + H2O CH3CHO + 2Cu(OH)2
CH3COOH + Cu2O↓ + 2H2O
(十)、羧酸 CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH
CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
HCOOH + CH3OH
HCOOCH3 + H2O
CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/9/39/939077e6426180ea9ad3088938b30dd2.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/d/73/d737e0a3c25d58d970ba08ef92dec905.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/f/b3/fb3f0d9fb4cdbe8932f0151faa28a631.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/4/d1/4d1ad12db213623c5b7fb5b1e4e9489c.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/3/05/3058874b4fd166e2fde49a1a5cb703a3.gif)
最终答案:略
解题过程:
烃及其衍生物的相互关系 1.烃及其衍生物的相互关系
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/3/a2/3a25e1df3fbbc289ece22f145571c3d5.gif)
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![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/8/a3/8a3b8230e5b1bbea77135194f28eb43d.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/b/ca/bca34297c6b26957316912179ca048e1.jpg)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/b/a6/ba6442bfd8e8ce5e8af4069155058588.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/b/a6/ba6442bfd8e8ce5e8af4069155058588.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/0/2d/02d0068a5634b8e6bf1133d1266f29e7.gif)
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![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/8/e8/8e8422c8dd9fa6f5d617ce26ea628013.gif)
HCOOH + CH3OH
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/8/e8/8e8422c8dd9fa6f5d617ce26ea628013.gif)
CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/c/b9/cb9ded64bb3935eec0551dfbaecd0add.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/9/39/939077e6426180ea9ad3088938b30dd2.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/d/73/d737e0a3c25d58d970ba08ef92dec905.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/f/b3/fb3f0d9fb4cdbe8932f0151faa28a631.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/4/d1/4d1ad12db213623c5b7fb5b1e4e9489c.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/3/05/3058874b4fd166e2fde49a1a5cb703a3.gif)
![](http://img.wesiedu.com/upload/4/37/4374b1dde43689d7bec79e64d971240e.jpg)
最终答案:略