clean work watch eat read wait tail go play study take have

clean work watch eat read wait tail go play study take have dance write come make get run swim sit
shop stop 这几个词的现在分词是神马?

原型 现在分词 过去式 过去分词
clean -ing -ed -ed
work -ing -ed -ed
watch -ing -ed -ed
eat -ing ate eaten
read -ing read read
wait -ing -ed -ed
tail -ing -ed -ed
go -ing went gone
play -ing -ed -ed
study -ing studied studied
take taking took taken
have having had had
dance dancing -d -d
write writing wrote written
come coming came come
make making made maken
get getting got gotten
run running ran run
swim swimming swam swum
sit sitting sat sat
shop shopping shopped shopped
stop stoping stopped stopped
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种.
一、 规则变化
（1）一般在动词原形后加-ed look
call called open opened looked [lukt]
（2）以-e结尾的动词加-d
move moved [mu:vd] phone phoned
hope hoped agree agreed
（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
study studied carry carried try tried [traid]
（4）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
stop stopped [stCpt] plan planned fit fitted
（5）以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,再加-ed
refer referred preferred preferred [prI`f:d]
注：动词过去式和过去分词的发音规则：
①-ed在清辅音音素后 发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]
stop stopped [stCpt] move moved [mu:vd] play played [pleid]
②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕后发音为[id]
二、 不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为四种情况.
A.原型,过去式,和过去分词 完全不同即A--B--C型
drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung swim----swam----swum
sing----sang----sung sink----sank----sunk blow----blew----blown
grow----grew----grown know---knew---known fly ----flew----flown
take----took----taken shake----shook----shaken drive----drove----driven
write---wrote---written rise---rose---risen ride----rode----ridden
speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken
wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen forget----forgot----forgotten
choose----chose----chosen draw----drew----drawn eat----ate----eaten
fall----fell----fallen give----gave----given hide----hid----hidden
see----saw----seen do----did----done
B.过去式与过去分词完全相同即A--B--B型
bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought
fight----fought----fought buy----bought----bought
catch----caught----caught sell----sold----sold
tell----told----told say----said----said
pay----paid----paid send----sent----sent
lend----lent----lent spend----spent----spent
burn----burnt----burnt learn----learnt----learnt
mean----meant----meant feel----felt----felt
smell----smelt----smelt sleep----slept----slept
sweep---slept----slept leave----left----left
build----built----built lose----lost----lost
get----got----got meet----met----met
sit----sat----sat shoot----shot----shot
lead----led----led spit----spat----spat
have----had----had hold----held----held
make----made----made stand----stood---stood
hear----heard----heard find----found----found
dig----dug----dug shine----shone----shone
understand----understood--understood win----won----won
C.原型与过去分词相同 即A---B--A型
come----came----come run____ran___ run become----became----become
D.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同 即A---A---A型
cast----cast----cast cut----cut----cut put----put----put
let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit
shut----shut----shut
注意：一词多义的单词的过去式和过去分词：
hang----hung----hung 吊,挂
lie---lied---lied 说谎
lie---lay---lain 躺下,位于,平放
hanged----hanged 处绞刑
lay---laid---laid 置放.