英语语法问题老师问几个问题I saw the house burning last night这个句子属于动名词的复合结

英语语法问题
老师问几个问题
I saw the house burning last night这个句子属于动名词的复合结构中的名词+动名词形式.而这个句子也可以看成定语从句吧?那么复合结构和定语从句怎么区分呢?
 
The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.这个to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting不定式属于定语还是目的状语?
 
the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one.这里的 followed by 是过去分词还是单纯的过去式?
 
instead of tackling the half a billion people suffering from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective than carbon reduction would be.这句话前面是tackle sb with sth的句型吗?dramatically more effective 还有最后carbon reduction would be的would be在末尾是什么形式呢?
 
Extreme weather and reckless development are plotting against the rain forest in ways that scientists have never seen.这里的in ways that是以...的方式对吧?还有个句子But on occasion,opera companies treat venerated dramas in ways that make audiences,literally,screaming mad这里的in ways that后面直接是谓语了而不是主语了,这两种有什么区别?

I saw the house burning last night这个句子是现在分词作宾补
这是 see sb/sth doing 句型

The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.
这个to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting不是不定式 而是介词短语作状语
这是 redirect one's behavior to sth句型
其中that are acceptable in the domestic setting是定语从句修饰名词outlets

the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one.这里的 followed by the right-hand one是过去分词短语作定语 修饰the left-hand lever

instead of tackling the half a billion people suffering from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective than carbon reduction would be.这句话前面是tackle sb with sth的句型
dramatically more effective 是与much cheaper并列的表语
carbon reduction would be的would be后面省略了 cheap and effective
再如 he is taller than you are

Extreme weather and reckless development are plotting against the rain forest in ways that scientists have never seen.这里的in ways 是以...的方式但that引导的是定语从句修饰ways
that作定从中have never seen的宾语
But on occasion, opera companies treat venerated dramas in ways that make audiences, literally, screaming mad这里的in ways 也是是以...的方式that引导的也是定语从句
that作定从中的主语
注意这与先行词是the way 并且在定从中作状语 的表达不同
如 我不喜欢他说话的方式i don't like the way (that/ in which) he speaks.
再问： 那么判断介词短语作状语还是定语可以用翻译是否缺少成分的方法判别吗？这句话如果缺少to后面的明显翻译不通。

dramatically more effective 是副词修饰形容词这个more怎么解释呢？
followed by the right-hand one是过去分词短语作定语 修饰the left-hand lever 感觉翻译不通啊
第四个句子 than相当于连词吧
再答： 那么判断介词短语作状语还是定语可以根据其所修饰的句子成分判别 修饰名词就是定语
修饰动词就是状语 本句是方式状语 修饰 redirect its normal behavior。

dramatically more effective 是副词dramatically修饰形容词比较级more effective
这个more effective是effective的比较级
followed by the right-hand one是过去分词短语作定语 修饰the left-hand lever 被右手跟着的左手
也就是 先左手后右手
第四个句子 than就是连词