英语翻译Figure 2-2 The crankshaft changes the reciprocation moti

英语翻译
Figure 2-2 The crankshaft changes the reciprocation
motion pistons rotating motion
The crankshaft changes the reciprocating motion of pistons to rotating motion .
The combustible mixture of gasoline and air enters the cylinders through valves.Automotive engines use poppet valves .The valves can be in the cylinder head or in the block .The opening and closing of the valves is controlled by a camshaft .Lobes on the camshaft push the valves open as the camshaft rotates .A spring closes each valve when the lobe is not holding it open .The most common arrangements of engine cylinders and valves are discussed later .The basic single-cylinder engine consists of a cylinder (engine block ) ,a movable piston inside this cylinder ,a connecting rod attached at the top end to the piston and at the bottom to offset portion of a crankshaft ,a camshaft to operate the two valves (intake end exhaust) ,and a cylinder head.A flywheel is attached to one end of the crankshaft .The other end of the crankshaft has a gear to drive the camshaft gear .The camshaft gear is twice as large as the crankshaft gear .This drive the camshaft at half the speed of the crankshaft on four-stroke-cycle engines .On two-stroke-cycle engines ,the crankshaft and camshaft run at the same speed .

曲轴的往复变化
运动活塞旋转运动
曲轴改变活塞的往复运动旋转运动.
可燃混合气的汽油和空气进入气缸通过阀门.汽车引擎使用提升阀门.阀门可以在气缸头或块.的开启和关闭阀门由凸轮轴控制.叶在凸轮轴推动阀门打开当凸轮轴旋转.一个弹簧关闭每个阀当叶不拿开.最常见的安排气瓶和阀门的引擎稍后将讨论.基本的单缸发动机由气缸(引擎块)、一个可移动的活塞在这缸、连杆连接顶部结束活塞和底部,以抵消一部分曲轴、凸轮轴操作两个阀门(终点排气),和一个气缸头.飞轮是连接到曲轴的一端.曲轴的另一端有一个齿轮驱动凸轮轴齿轮.凸轮轴齿轮是两倍大曲轴齿轮.这个驱动凸轮轴在曲轴速度的一半在四冲程循环发动机.在二冲程发动机、曲轴和凸轮轴运行速度是一样的.