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英语中表语形容词和定语形容词的定义、特点是什么啊?怎么用中文和英语解释,求关于这个的资料.急用

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/07/04 17:13:46
英语中表语形容词和定语形容词的定义、特点是什么啊?怎么用中文和英语解释,求关于这个的资料.急用
英语中最常见、最常用的形容词有表语形容词与定语形容词(严格地说应是属性形容词.为照顾习惯说法,称之为定语形容词.)虽同属形容词,它们却有着根本不同的属性和用法
     一、英语中若干形容词只能用来作表语,用于“主语+系词+表语(主一系一表)结构中.如:
     He has become ill. He has been ill for a week.
     He is always alone.
     表语形容词的一大特点就是不能用作前置定语来修饰名词.如:病人,只能说sick people,而不能说ill people;“一个睡着的孩子”,只能说a sleeping child,而不说能说an asleep child;“物生”应说living things;而不能说alive things等等.
    表语形容词受本身词性的限制,既不能作谓语,因而要求其前面必须有一个系词作为过渡,又常需要有一个介词作纽带,才能通达宾语.这是表语形容词的第二大特点.
     如:
     He was very excited at the news.
     表语形容词excited前靠系词was,后有介词at,接上了宾语the news,其意为“听到了这个消息,他兴奋不已”.
     又如:
     She is afraid of dogs.她怕狗.
     我们不能说She afraid of dogs.也不说She is afraid dogs.
     类似的例子很多.
     He became very anxious about his father’s illness.
     他开始对父亲的病十分担忧起来.
     He remained silent at her opinions.
     他对她的意见仍然不表态.
     二、相比之下定语形容词,却没有表语形容词那么复杂,因而比较好掌握.
如:
     an important question, a magnificent scene, natural materials. a splendid flower show等.
     但是,很多定语形容词可以转化为表语形容词.如:
     This is an important question.句中important作定语.但是This question is important.一句中,它却是表语形容词.当一个定语形容词转变表语形容词时,欲带逻辑上的宾语,就必须要以适当的介词作为纽带,否则不成句.请看下面对照例句.
     1、He is a busy man./He is busy with his own learning.
     2、You should be a careful student./You should be careful with your work.
     3、The pleasantly surprised children talked and laughed./The children were surprised at the discovery.
     4、The terrified enemy soldiers looked at each other, holding their breath./The enemy soldiers were terrified at seeing PLA’s powerful attack.
     5、Jane is a good girl./Jane is good at chemistry.
    三、英语中有些形容词既是表语形容词又是定语形容词,但它们的内涵是不一样的.如:fond作表语形容词是“喜欢……”搭配句式是be fond of …;Ants are fond of sweets.而作定语形容词却是“不大能实现的”.如:His fond dream can’t come true.又如:sorry作表语形容词用是“……感到难过”.如:I am sorry to hear that.然而sorry作定语用时,其意是“可怜的,很糟糕的”.如:On the eve of the 1911 Revolution, China was indeed in a sorry state.辛亥革命前夕,中国的情况确实很糟糕.
     四、表语形容词还常常带不定式,或带一个宾语从句,这是定语形容词所不具有的.如:
     Galileo was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.
     I am very sorry to hear that.
     We were disappointed that you could not come.