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英语 何为系动词?实义动词?…… 搞不懂

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英语 何为系动词?实义动词?…… 搞不懂
什么是
助动词
系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况.
说明:
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了.(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况.)
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来.fell是实义动词,单独作谓语.
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher.他是一名教师.(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份.)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如:
He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默.
This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜.
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem,appear,look,例如:
He looks tired.他看起来很累.
He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心.
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软.
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香.
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.
例如:
He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了.
She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了.
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,trun out,表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假.
The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难.
His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了.(turn out表终止性结果)
实义动词的用法
实义动词词义完整,能独立作谓语,可分成:及物动词(transitive verb)和不及物动词(intransitive verb).
1.及物动词要求有宾语
①Mr.Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday.史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日.
②He asked the teacher a few questions.他向老师问了几个问题.
③We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下.
④Children and young people like bright colors.孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色.
2.不及物动词不要求宾语
① Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 A.m.and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening .英国大部分商店九点开门,晚五点或五点半关门.
②George's father lives there.乔治的爸爸住在那里.
③Let's go home.我们回家吧.
④The examination ended at 11:30 A.m.考试上午十一点半结束.
3.特殊实义动词
英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如
close,begin,study,leave,work等.
①The post office closes at 9:00 p.m.邮局晚上9点关门.
②Close the window,please.请关窗.
③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗?
④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school.比尔毕业后当水手.
⑤They left yesterday.他们昨天离开的.
⑥When did you leave Washington?你什么时候离开华盛顿的?
⑦The students study hard.这些学生学习努力.
⑧The students study English and German.这些学生学习英语和德语.
⑨He works in a supermarket.他在一家超市工作.
⑩He works the machine on Mondays.他星期一操作这台机器.