很多英语短语和单词的问题..

很多英语短语和单词的问题..
1.give attention to sb./sth.pay attention to sb./sth.两者有什么联系或区别?
2.arrange sth.with sb.能给个例句么?
3.be fanscinated with/by是什么意思?
4.appoint和name的区别?
5.arrangement在什么情况下用单数?什么情况下用复数?
6.attract和appeal to有什么区别?
7.alter,change,vary,transform之间的区别?
8.attract和fascinate之间的区别?
9.transfer和shift之间的区别?
10.cultivate和plant之间的区别?
11.continual,continuous,constant之间的区别?
12.vary
13.transfer sb./sth.
14.transfer sth./sb.
15.at (long)
16.be optimistic
= =...呃..很多..那个,如果以上短语中有意思相近的,也麻烦说明一下区别...=..

1.关心,考虑 和 注意,重视 意思差别
2.
arrange 在用法上应注意以下几点：
1. 用作及物动词表示“安排”“准备”时,其后通常接事情,而不接具体的人或东西；若接具体的人或东西则需后接介词for,如以下两例中的for不宜省去：
We’ll arrange for an experienced teacher. 我们将安排一位有经验的教师.
I’ve arranged for a taxi. 我已安排好了一辆计程车.
2. 后接事情作宾语时,其后接不接介词for均可(在现代英语中以不接为多见)：
Would you like to arrange (for) a personal interview? 你希望安排一次个别接见吗?
3. 正因为表示“安排”时不能直接跟某人作宾语,所以要表示汉语的“安排某人做某事”,英语习惯上不说 arrange sb to do sth,而说arrange for sb to do sth：
I’ve arranged for Mary to meet you at the airport. 我已经安排玛丽去机场接你.
类似地,英语不说 hope sb to do sth,而说 hope for sb to do sth,不说 wait sb to do sth,而说 wait for sb do sth,不说long sb to do sth,而说long for sb to do sth等.另外还有,英语习惯上不说 demand sb to do sth,而说 demand of sb to do sth.
4. 其后可接that引导的宾语从句,从句谓语通常用虚拟语气,但有时也可用将来时态：
They arranged that the meeting (should) be put off to Saturday. 他们安排把会议推迟到星期六.
I’ve arranged that one of our representatives will meet you at the airport. 我已安排好派一个代表到机场接你.
比较同义句：I’ve arranged for him to attend the meeting.=I’ve arranged that he (should) attend the meeting. 我已安排他去参加会议.
5. 其后习惯上不接双宾语,如“请给我们安排一次与工人的会见”不能译为：Please arrange us an interview with the workers. 可改为：Please arrange an interview with the workers for us.
arrangement 是arrange 的名词形式,细分如下：
arrange
vt.
排列, 分类, 整理
商定, 约定
准备, 安排, 筹备
调解(纠纷), 处理
改编, 改写
arrange a quarrel[dispute, difference]
调解争执[纠纷, 争论]
arrange a novel for the stage
把小说改编成剧本
I arranged books on the shelves.
我把书架上的书整理好.
I have arranged to meet her at ten o'clock.
我约定在十点钟会见她.
A marriage has been arranged between Mr Brown and Miss White.
布朗先生与怀特小姐的婚礼已筹备妥当.
arrange
vi.
商定, 协商
准备, 安排
I've arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.
我已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们.
arrangeable
adj.
arranger
n.
arrange for
安排, 准备
arrange with sb. about sth.
与某人商定某事
arrangement
n.
整顿, 布置, 排列
[常用复]安排, 准备
装置
商定
调节
改编
安装, 装配
电路
come to an arrangement
谈妥; 达成协议
make arrangement for
为...做好准备; 为...做好安排
make arrangement with
与(某人)商定或约好, (和某人)达成协议; 做好准备; 做出安排
make arrangement with sb.)
与(某人)商定或约好, (和某人)达成协议; 做好准备; 做出安排
3.我对她的在非洲的童年故事着迷了.
I am fanscinated with the stories of her childhood in Africa