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条件句相关知识越详细越好,最好有例句什么的.什么时候用什么时态,希望说明白点`

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条件句相关知识
越详细越好,最好有例句什么的.
什么时候用什么时态,希望说明白点`
( if 从句用一般将来时),(主句用一般将来时)
这种结构表示礼貌,意愿和执意坚持.
1.礼貌
If you will/ would wait a moment I’ll see if Mr.Jones is free.
请您稍候片刻,我看看琼斯先生是否有空.
2.意愿
If he’ll listen to me I’ll be able to help him.
如果他愿意听我的话,我就会帮助他.
3.执意坚持
If you will play the drums all night no matter the neighbors will complain.
如果你执意整夜敲鼓的话,那就难怪邻居会抱怨.
A 条件句类型1的基本形式在这里时态的变化遵循通常的规律:
He said,‘If I catch the plane I’ll be home by five.’
他说:“我如果能赶上这班飞机,5点钟以前就可以到家了.”相当于:
He said that if he caught the plane he would be home by five.
他说他如果能赶上那班飞机,5点钟以前就可以到家了.
条件句类型2的基本形式在这里时态不变:
‘If I had a permit I could get a job,’he said.
他说:“如果我有许可证就能找到工作.”相当于:
He said that if he had a permit he could get a job.
他说如果他有许可证就能找到工作.
条件句类型3的基本形式在这里时态不变:
‘If she had loved Tom,’ he said,‘she wouldn’t have left him.’
他说:“如果她喜欢汤姆,就不会离开他.”相当于:
He said that if she had loved Tom she wouldn’t have left him.
他说如果她喜欢汤姆的话就不会离开他.
B 关于if从句+命令或者要求在间接引语中的例句(参见第320节与第321节):
He said,‘If you have time wash the floor.’
他说:“如果你有时间,擦一擦地板.”
He said,‘If you have time would you wash the floor?’
他说:“如果你有时间,你能擦一擦地板吗?”相当于:
He told/asked me to wash the floor if I had time.
他叫/要我有时间的话擦一擦地板.
He said that if I had time I was to wash the floor.
他说如果我有时间的话就擦一擦地板.
‘If you see Ann ask her to ring me,’he said.
他说:“如果你遇到安,叫她给我打个电话.”相当于:
He said that if I saw Ann I was to ask her to ring him.
他说如果我看到安,告诉她给他打个电话.(这里如用 ask+不定式结构就变得很拗口,也不十分清楚.)
Peter(on phone):If you miss the last bus get a taxi.
彼得(在打电话):如果你们误了末班车,就雇一辆出租汽车.
Peter says that if we miss the last bus we are to get a taxi.
彼得说如果我们误了末班车就雇一辆出租汽车.
(关于if you would…表示要求,参见第284节F.)
C 关于在间接引语中的if从句+劝告的表示法:
‘If you feel ill,’she said,‘why don’t you go to bed?’/‘…you’d bet- ter go to bed.’
她说:“如果你感到不舒服为什么不躺一下?”/…你最好上床休息.
She advised me to go to bed if I felt ill.
她劝我,如果感到不舒服了就上床休息.
She said that if I felt ill I’d better/I should go to bed.
她说如果我感到不舒服了我最好/应当上床休息.
‘If I were you I’d stop taking pills,’she said.
她说:“如果我是你的话,我就停止吃药.”相当于:
She advised me to stop taking pills.
她劝我停止吃药.
D if从句+疑问句结构在间接引语中通常把if从句置于句末:
‘If the baby is a girl what will they call her?’ he wondered.
他心里想:“如果生的是个女孩,他们会给她取个什么名字?”相当于:
He wondered what they would call the baby if it was a girl.
他心里想,如果生的是个女孩,他们会给她取个什么名字.
‘ If the door is locked what shall I do?’ she asked.
她问道:“如果门锁了我该怎么办?”相当于:
She asked what she would do if the door was locked.
她问如果门锁了她该怎么办.
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