英语翻译the United States has had highly-structured criminal gan

英语翻译
the United States has had highly-structured criminal gangs since the
early nineteenth century,as the movie Gangs of New York (2003) effectively
demonstrated.An immigrant society of diverse ethnic groups almost
institutionalizes such affiliations.In 2002,after defining a gang as "a group
of three or more people whose binding reason for being is repeated criminal
activity," the Department of Justice counted 21,500 different gangs with
731,000 members nationwide (Tucker,2003).Organized primarily by race,
ethnicity,or lan guage,these gangs commit most of the drive-by targ;et-of-
opponunity crimes and a significant portion of the 15,000+ annual murders
in contemporzury America.
The vast numbers of guns available throughout society probably inc:rrease-s
the number of violent crimes and undoubtedly increases the number of
accic:lental shootings by children,although opinions range widely conceming
the former.For example,in Cartersville,Georgia,a town ordinance requires
every family to own a gun and keep it ready to stop intruders; those without
guns are heavily fined.Burglaries'in Cartersville have dropped to near-zero.
The pro-gun lobby,led by the National Rifle Association (NRA),continues
to use snappy slogans such as‘‘Guns don't kill people; people kill peoplel"
and "If guns were outlawed,only outlaws would have guns!" to lobby for
individual,not government,responsibility.

就像电影《纽约黑帮》中所展示的那样,美国自19世纪早期以来就已有不少组织严密的犯罪团伙.美国这个由各色种族组成的移民型社会导致了这种现象的形成.2002年,司法部将帮派团伙定义为“一个拥有三人或以上,以不断制造犯罪活动为宗旨的组织,”并统计全国范围内共有21500个不同的团伙,包含731000个团伙成员.（Tucher,2003） 这些犯罪团伙主要依种族类别,种族地位,或语言而组织在一起.在当代美国,这些团伙的目的在于制造犯罪机会,每年还会制造超过15000起谋杀案.
充斥在整个美国社会的大量枪支可能是增加暴力犯罪的原因,这毫无疑问会使儿童枪击案的数量大增.而舆论大多只担心前者而忽略了后者.例如,佐治亚州的卡特斯维尔镇规定每个家庭都需持有枪支以阻止入侵者,没有枪的家庭会受到重罚.这项规定使卡特斯维尔盗窃案的发生率一度下降为零.而在由美国步枪协会领导的支持枪支游行中,他们使用了一些简捷的标语,例如“枪不会杀人,只有人才会杀人!”,以及“若枪支不合法,只有违法的人才能使用它!”呼吁使用枪支是个人的权利,而非政府.