作业帮语法(直接引语和间接引语)
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/07/14 21:46:24
说明直接引语和间接引语的关系，并举出几个例子
解题思路： 见下
解题过程：
直接引语与间接引语
直接引语：直接引用别人的话,并在原话前后加引号。
例：He said:" It is too late."
间接引语：通过第三者转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
例：He said it was too late.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题。
1.人称的变化。
主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。
例如：
直接引语 She said:" I am hungry."
间接引语 She said she was hungry.
直接引语 Mum said to me:" You can clean your bedroom tomorrow."
间接引语 Mum told me that I could clean my bedroom the next day .
2.时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致.当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相应的变化,变化如下：
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
过去进行时 不变
（am/ is ---- was, are---- were, do/ does---- did, can---- could, will---- would, 动词原形---- 动词过去式）
1>“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.
She said that she was very glad to visit our school.
2>. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.”
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
3>. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
4>. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?”
He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
5>. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked.
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
6>. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework
before you watched TV?”
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
注意：
1>.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。
例如：Teacher said to us:" The moon moves round the earth."
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
The teacher said to us : “Light travels faster than sound .”
The teacher said that light travels faster than sound .
2>.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。
例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998."
She said she went to England in 1998.
3>.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。
He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."
He says that he bought me a book yesterday.
3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
this ---- that, these---- those, here---- there, today---- that day, tomorrow--- the next day, next week---- the next week， come----go 等）
4.句式上的变化
1>.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接, that 无实际意义，可省略。
例 Lana said : “I am mad at Marcia.”
Lana said ( that ) she was mad at Marcia.
He said : “We are good at English.”
He said (that ) they were good at English.
She said to me : “She does her homework every night.”
She told me( that )she did her homework every night.
He said : “ I go to school by bus.”
He said (that) he went to school by bus.
2>.一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。
例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"
She asked me if I was Mr. Li.
She asked us:" Do you want to go on a picnic?"
She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.
3>.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。
例如："How much have we spent on petrol this year," Susan asked her husband.
Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.
He asked me : “What time is it now?”
He asked me what time it was then.
注意：转述问句时后面用陈述句语序。
4>.祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。
一改：said (to) 改为asked或told
二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语
三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式
四去：去掉please
例：He said to her:" Don't take the book away, please "
He asked her not to take the book away.
He said to me : “Please do it again.”
He told/ asked me to do it again.
The teacher said : “Don’t talk in class ,Tom .”
The teacher told/ asked Tom not to talk in class .
最终答案：略
解题过程：
直接引语与间接引语
直接引语：直接引用别人的话,并在原话前后加引号。
例：He said:" It is too late."
间接引语：通过第三者转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
例：He said it was too late.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题。
1.人称的变化。
主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。
例如：
直接引语 She said:" I am hungry."
间接引语 She said she was hungry.
直接引语 Mum said to me:" You can clean your bedroom tomorrow."
间接引语 Mum told me that I could clean my bedroom the next day .
2.时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致.当主句为过去时，从句要跟着相应的变化,变化如下：
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
过去进行时 不变
（am/ is ---- was, are---- were, do/ does---- did, can---- could, will---- would, 动词原形---- 动词过去式）
1>“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.
She said that she was very glad to visit our school.
2>. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.”
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
3>. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
4>. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?”
He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
5>. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked.
The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
6>. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework
before you watched TV?”
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
注意：
1>.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。
例如：Teacher said to us:" The moon moves round the earth."
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
The teacher said to us : “Light travels faster than sound .”
The teacher said that light travels faster than sound .
2>.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。
例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998."
She said she went to England in 1998.
3>.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。
He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."
He says that he bought me a book yesterday.
3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
this ---- that, these---- those, here---- there, today---- that day, tomorrow--- the next day, next week---- the next week， come----go 等）
4.句式上的变化
1>.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接, that 无实际意义，可省略。
例 Lana said : “I am mad at Marcia.”
Lana said ( that ) she was mad at Marcia.
He said : “We are good at English.”
He said (that ) they were good at English.
She said to me : “She does her homework every night.”
She told me( that )she did her homework every night.
He said : “ I go to school by bus.”
He said (that) he went to school by bus.
2>.一般疑问句，选择疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要加连词if或whether。
例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"
She asked me if I was Mr. Li.
She asked us:" Do you want to go on a picnic?"
She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.
3>.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。
例如："How much have we spent on petrol this year," Susan asked her husband.
Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.
He asked me : “What time is it now?”
He asked me what time it was then.
注意：转述问句时后面用陈述句语序。
4>.祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。
一改：said (to) 改为asked或told
二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语
三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式
四去：去掉please
例：He said to her:" Don't take the book away, please "
He asked her not to take the book away.
He said to me : “Please do it again.”
He told/ asked me to do it again.
The teacher said : “Don’t talk in class ,Tom .”
The teacher told/ asked Tom not to talk in class .
最终答案：略