作业帮英语翻译大概6000多字帮忙翻译下英文
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/07/03 07:35:15
英语翻译
大概6000多字
帮忙翻译下英文
大概6000多字
帮忙翻译下英文
Information management is crucial component of the management information system is the handling of objects. Information systems in the structure is a human, hardware, software and data resources consisting of man-made system, with the aim of timely and correct collection, processing, storage, transmission and the provision of information, and organizations in the activities of the management, regulation And control. Information system has gone through the development of the electronic data processing system (EDPS), Management Information System (MIS) and Decision Support System (DSS) in three phases. DSS can be considered a new stage of development of MIS, EDPS, MIS and DSS representatives of the respective information systems in the development of a certain stage, they still have their constantly developing, but also cross-cutting relations.
Information systems and management information system and the relationship between the decision-making and decision-making process for their support. An organization of the management functions of the four areas, namely, planning, organization, leadership, control and so can not be separated from the support of information systems. Computer-based information systems that may become a scientific decision-making, decision support system for scientific decision-making appears to become a reality.
Management Information System as a computer application in important areas, characterized the main problems: it is for management decision-making, business management of an organization to conduct a comprehensive integrated management of human-computer systems, modern management methods and means of combining the systems, Is a multidisciplinary cross-Bianyuankexue.
Management Information System for organizations of all management functions and management of the entire process of the integrated management information system. In accordance with the level of management tasks, the structure of management information systems for strategic management and tactical management and operations management at three levels, according to management functions, can be divided into sales and marketing, production, material supply, finance and accounting, personnel, senior Management, information processing systems, and other functions.
The application of management information systems and business environment and internal conditions are closely related. MIS is a man-machine systems, human systems as users of the system is also an integral part of the application of MIS has a decisive impact on the important, in MIS applications must attach great importance to the human factor.
Management information systems and services according to the functions of different objects, can be divided into national economic information systems, enterprise management information system, the executive office of management information systems and other professional-type management information systems. In the enterprise management information system construction, we must pay attention to the advanced management ideas and management methods combined with the OPT, JIT, MPPII, ERP, and other advanced management systems to integrate into the thinking of the logical structure, can we make real in the management system Play a role.
Nolan stage model of the information system of growing up into six phases, beginning with that, spread, control, integration, data management, such as the six stages of maturity.
Management information systems strategic planning role and content. MIS strategic planning is an organization's strategic planning an important component of the MIS is on the long-term development planning. MIS strategic planning include: information systems objectives, constraints and the overall structure of the status of units; impact on the development of information technology planning forecasts. MIS formulate development plans, the need for a leadership group, and the training of personnel, made it clear planning progress.
MIS formulate strategic planning enterprise systems planning law (BSP).
MIS will be divided into the development of large structural systems development method, the prototype, object-oriented development methods, such as several categories. With the structure of the development of MIS systems development methods can be divided into three phases: analysis, system design and system implementation. MIS systems analysis by the logic of the report and submitted to systematic analysis, system design in the logic model system established on the basis of the physical model, system design specification, system design and implementation of procedures, including commissioning, the new system conversion, and the assessment system excursion Link. With the development of prototype of MIS, the first developer as soon as possible to establish a simple function as a model of the original system, at this time stressed that the system of speed, and then prototype system for users with the operation of its amended repeatedly, until the satisfaction of users.
Management Information System is a system of the important links, including the issue of identification, feasibility analysis, detailed investigation, systematic analysis of steps to finalize the new system of logic design, a systematic analysis of the report.
The development of new systems often comes from the dissatisfaction with the original system, in systems development, should be based organization's strategic objectives and user requirements, the original system to identify existing problems, the development of the system to conduct a feasibility analysis, a clear system Development of the necessity and feasibility, including the management of the feasibility, technical feasibility and economic feasibility, a feasibility analysis of the report.
Detailed investigation into the main system for the management of the existing data and business processes to be fully grasp the status of the existing system, identify existing problems and weak links, a business flow chart and data flow chart for further systematic analysis of preparation.
Mainly in the systematic analysis on the basis of a detailed investigation to find out the unreasonable business processes and data flow, then by the logic model of the new system, including less than the original system, the goal of the new system, the subsystems of the data attribute analysis And data dictionary as well as the establishment of the new system should be adopted by the management.
Systematic analysis of the ultimate goal is to put the new system of logic solutions. Logic solutions reflects the systematic analysis of the findings and ideas on the new system.
System design also known as the logical design. This phase of the mission is in the previous stage on the basis of analysis, to further clarify how the new system management system to meet the requirements. System design to consider the flexibility, reliability and economy.
Design features of the system for planning, is the logical structure, the result is a flow chart of information systems design, functional design and structure of the functional module map design. Function and structure of the functional module from the map describes the function of the angle of the structure, information flow chart is given to express the functional relationship between the data transmission.
Code designed to achieve the reunification of the overall data, code structure to be reasonable, and helps prevent mistakes and error correction. System design, including the physical configuration of equipment configurations, communication networks and the choice of design and database management systems, such as the choice. Data storage design is based on the choice of specific database systems, database design.
Computer system design phase of the process, including design output, input design, design and processing flow chart prepared by the Design Manual, the design of the system are very important to the content. Input / Output designed to provide users with convenient means of human-computer interaction, to provide practical management, efficient information processing flow chart of the information processing determine the specific steps. This stage, should also formulate strict design specifications, the file name specific provisions and procedures of the unified format, coding structure, code structure, such as a uniform measure.
System design stage is the outcome of the procedure is designed brochures and system design report for the implementation phase of the system to provide specific programmes.
System implementation is the final phase of system development, but also will be the final outcome of the previous stage in the design of computer systems to achieve the stage of this phase of the mission include: the implementation of the physical system, programming, debugging and system of switching system, operation and Maintenance, the evaluation system.
Physical systems are mainly based on the mandate system to target selection of equipment.
Program design, the procedure should be adopted modular structure and the structure of the program design ways to improve procedures for reliability, maintainability, understandable and development efficiency. Of modules, it should be a basic function as a basis for the realization of as much as possible to increase the independence of modules, reducing coupling of information between modules. At the same time, should also pay attention to the use of appropriate development tools, such as CASE tools for system development to provide a complete tool and the environment.
Project management is on schedule, the durability of the complete system implementation tasks that the system development process, it is necessary to do a good job in personnel management and implementation of management plans.
System switch is the final phase of system implementation, the general has a direct switch, pilot transition, parallel switch, including through the application of the system should be applied flexibly in accordance with specific circumstances. The system is running in to do routine maintenance work.
System put into operation, on a regular basis to the function of the system, hardware and software performance, and the application of the system to evaluate the economic effects, to check whether the system to achieve the desired objectives and future direction of development. Evaluation of economic indicators, including monetary and non-monetary indicators of evaluation.
The emergence of object-oriented technology to the development of information systems has brought new hope, object-oriented technology was first originated in the object-oriented programming language, with the object-oriented programming techniques are maturing, object-oriented thinking and Methods gradually mature. System development through the object-oriented analysis, design and programming, real-world space model smooth and natural transition to object-oriented model, the system development process and people realize the objective world to maintain the maximum consensus process . Use object-oriented approach to the development of high-quality information system software, system flexibility and system reliability, the system can reuse and maintenance, and changes in internal and external environment in the process, the system easier to maintain a longer life cycle. Overall, the basic object-oriented systems development experience in two stages: first "WHAT", that is the problem domain; second, "HOW", namely how to achieve the target system. Demonstrated the characteristics and trends: analysis and design more closely difficult points, increasing the proportion of small programming (mainly due to increased reuse), system testing and maintenance of simplified, more easily expanded, even more emphasis on the development model of interaction between objects The ability to describe.
Coad & Yourdon way is a gradual approach, by category and target identification, structure and composition of inheritance, property, services and a theme of the object-oriented model. The practical method is relatively simple and easy to model structure, but the dynamic features of the system is not fully expressed (mainly the overall dynamic features), and the system reflects the functional characteristics of the less well off. Overall, the system ways to reflect structural integrity, a good model of consistency, easy to complete development system, is a useful approach.
It should be noted that, although the object-oriented development method is a practical and effective system development, but it is undeniable that the structure of the traditional method still has its merits. Should therefore be an effective method of drawing the traditional strengths to compensate for object-oriented development method of weaknesses, so that 00 is more reasonable development, better.
Management of information systems, including information systems development life cycle in two stages of the operation and management. This chapter from the development project management, operation and management and evaluation of three aspects such as management information system described in the basic knowledge.
Information systems development is in the planning system after the systems analysis, design and implementation phases of the development work collectively. Information systems development is a time-consuming effort of the difficult and complex project, its difficult to be significantly higher than the development of technology systems. In order to effectively on economic development of good quality information systems on time, we should be as a project to manage.
Information system development projects including the development of the management of the organization, planning, implementation, monitoring and control of activities: the development of the organization of the main requirements of a professional staff with the identification, development organizations of the establishment, the division of tasks and development work The coordination. Given China's current lack of information management, with special emphasis on the development of practical training in the organization's own information officers. We would also like to recognize the common system users involved in the development of the importance of the work, success or failure of this project is one of the key factors. Project work plan is in clear steps to work with the sub-project, sub-project and development of the relationship between the sequence of steps each sub-project and work on the basis of workload, according to the progress of requests for specific tasks and requirements to the programme of action. Workload general said the number of years of employment, but bearing in mind that does not necessarily increase the development staff to accelerate development, because too many staff will have a more coordinated and integrated work and productive. Information systems facing the management of uncertainty and instability and other issues, it is difficult to grasp the progress of development, the work plan of control is particularly important. Information systems work plan for the common cause of delays in addition, there is a special reason, fundamentally speaking, the development progress of the settlement of the issue depends on the mode of organization and management systems development and standardization issues such as standardization of the solution.
The operation and management information system is put into operation after the new system is in its life cycle is expected to play the role and effectiveness have carried out the work, which includes day-to-day operational management, standardized document management system, the system's security and confidentiality And so on. Day-to-day operation and management is the most important and most frequently the work, the specific operation of a system of records, the system's day-to-day maintenance and adaptability of maintenance, its purpose is to enable the system to always maintain good operational status of system documentation, information systems The lifeline system document management is the standardization of the system development process at various stages of the various technical documents and files in the custody and operation of the process of updating the documentation work, but also enable the system to normal operation of the infrastructure work; system The security and confidentiality is a hard and soft measures to protect through a variety of system resources, without loss to the management of the system software and hardware damage or leakage of information organizations will bring Bukeguji the loss, and even endanger the survival and development, Therefore the information system security and confidentiality of information systems for users is essential and extremely important.
Decision Support System (DSS) is the 1970s gradually formed, and it is combined with the use of powerful computer information processing capacity and the flexibility judgement, interactive way to support decision-makers for semi-structured and unstructured decision-making problems Information systems. On DSS in general when talking about the academic community is of concern to the DSS and the relationship between the MIS issues, we believe, DSS and MIS goals, different starting point, DSS is the goal of MIS was one of the goals we should pursue. From a development point of view, can be seen as DSS MIS is the advanced stage or high-level subsystems. However, in order to help an in-depth special studies, DSS will be relatively independent of the MIS is also necessary.
DSS by the general human-machine dialogue, databases, and model the way the system as equivalent to a combination of organic components. Parts of the relationship between the DSS system constituted a structure, with different features of the DSS, its structure is different. DSS common structure triangle-and-Series and integration, and so on. DSS interactive subsystem is a window, a user interface and the computer, it is good or bad decision of the system availability, marks the system level. Database subsystem is the storage, management, to provide support for decision-making and maintenance of data or information DSS basic components, is the support model for the subsystem and methods based subsystem. The model is the storage subsystems, management, use and maintenance of decision-making model and the model unit components, is the core of the DSS, the DSS is also the most complex and most difficult to achieve part. Subsystem is the method of storage, management, maintenance and call DSS to use the various components of the generic algorithms, function, and other standard methods of components to other parts plays a support role.
Information systems and management information system and the relationship between the decision-making and decision-making process for their support. An organization of the management functions of the four areas, namely, planning, organization, leadership, control and so can not be separated from the support of information systems. Computer-based information systems that may become a scientific decision-making, decision support system for scientific decision-making appears to become a reality.
Management Information System as a computer application in important areas, characterized the main problems: it is for management decision-making, business management of an organization to conduct a comprehensive integrated management of human-computer systems, modern management methods and means of combining the systems, Is a multidisciplinary cross-Bianyuankexue.
Management Information System for organizations of all management functions and management of the entire process of the integrated management information system. In accordance with the level of management tasks, the structure of management information systems for strategic management and tactical management and operations management at three levels, according to management functions, can be divided into sales and marketing, production, material supply, finance and accounting, personnel, senior Management, information processing systems, and other functions.
The application of management information systems and business environment and internal conditions are closely related. MIS is a man-machine systems, human systems as users of the system is also an integral part of the application of MIS has a decisive impact on the important, in MIS applications must attach great importance to the human factor.
Management information systems and services according to the functions of different objects, can be divided into national economic information systems, enterprise management information system, the executive office of management information systems and other professional-type management information systems. In the enterprise management information system construction, we must pay attention to the advanced management ideas and management methods combined with the OPT, JIT, MPPII, ERP, and other advanced management systems to integrate into the thinking of the logical structure, can we make real in the management system Play a role.
Nolan stage model of the information system of growing up into six phases, beginning with that, spread, control, integration, data management, such as the six stages of maturity.
Management information systems strategic planning role and content. MIS strategic planning is an organization's strategic planning an important component of the MIS is on the long-term development planning. MIS strategic planning include: information systems objectives, constraints and the overall structure of the status of units; impact on the development of information technology planning forecasts. MIS formulate development plans, the need for a leadership group, and the training of personnel, made it clear planning progress.
MIS formulate strategic planning enterprise systems planning law (BSP).
MIS will be divided into the development of large structural systems development method, the prototype, object-oriented development methods, such as several categories. With the structure of the development of MIS systems development methods can be divided into three phases: analysis, system design and system implementation. MIS systems analysis by the logic of the report and submitted to systematic analysis, system design in the logic model system established on the basis of the physical model, system design specification, system design and implementation of procedures, including commissioning, the new system conversion, and the assessment system excursion Link. With the development of prototype of MIS, the first developer as soon as possible to establish a simple function as a model of the original system, at this time stressed that the system of speed, and then prototype system for users with the operation of its amended repeatedly, until the satisfaction of users.
Management Information System is a system of the important links, including the issue of identification, feasibility analysis, detailed investigation, systematic analysis of steps to finalize the new system of logic design, a systematic analysis of the report.
The development of new systems often comes from the dissatisfaction with the original system, in systems development, should be based organization's strategic objectives and user requirements, the original system to identify existing problems, the development of the system to conduct a feasibility analysis, a clear system Development of the necessity and feasibility, including the management of the feasibility, technical feasibility and economic feasibility, a feasibility analysis of the report.
Detailed investigation into the main system for the management of the existing data and business processes to be fully grasp the status of the existing system, identify existing problems and weak links, a business flow chart and data flow chart for further systematic analysis of preparation.
Mainly in the systematic analysis on the basis of a detailed investigation to find out the unreasonable business processes and data flow, then by the logic model of the new system, including less than the original system, the goal of the new system, the subsystems of the data attribute analysis And data dictionary as well as the establishment of the new system should be adopted by the management.
Systematic analysis of the ultimate goal is to put the new system of logic solutions. Logic solutions reflects the systematic analysis of the findings and ideas on the new system.
System design also known as the logical design. This phase of the mission is in the previous stage on the basis of analysis, to further clarify how the new system management system to meet the requirements. System design to consider the flexibility, reliability and economy.
Design features of the system for planning, is the logical structure, the result is a flow chart of information systems design, functional design and structure of the functional module map design. Function and structure of the functional module from the map describes the function of the angle of the structure, information flow chart is given to express the functional relationship between the data transmission.
Code designed to achieve the reunification of the overall data, code structure to be reasonable, and helps prevent mistakes and error correction. System design, including the physical configuration of equipment configurations, communication networks and the choice of design and database management systems, such as the choice. Data storage design is based on the choice of specific database systems, database design.
Computer system design phase of the process, including design output, input design, design and processing flow chart prepared by the Design Manual, the design of the system are very important to the content. Input / Output designed to provide users with convenient means of human-computer interaction, to provide practical management, efficient information processing flow chart of the information processing determine the specific steps. This stage, should also formulate strict design specifications, the file name specific provisions and procedures of the unified format, coding structure, code structure, such as a uniform measure.
System design stage is the outcome of the procedure is designed brochures and system design report for the implementation phase of the system to provide specific programmes.
System implementation is the final phase of system development, but also will be the final outcome of the previous stage in the design of computer systems to achieve the stage of this phase of the mission include: the implementation of the physical system, programming, debugging and system of switching system, operation and Maintenance, the evaluation system.
Physical systems are mainly based on the mandate system to target selection of equipment.
Program design, the procedure should be adopted modular structure and the structure of the program design ways to improve procedures for reliability, maintainability, understandable and development efficiency. Of modules, it should be a basic function as a basis for the realization of as much as possible to increase the independence of modules, reducing coupling of information between modules. At the same time, should also pay attention to the use of appropriate development tools, such as CASE tools for system development to provide a complete tool and the environment.
Project management is on schedule, the durability of the complete system implementation tasks that the system development process, it is necessary to do a good job in personnel management and implementation of management plans.
System switch is the final phase of system implementation, the general has a direct switch, pilot transition, parallel switch, including through the application of the system should be applied flexibly in accordance with specific circumstances. The system is running in to do routine maintenance work.
System put into operation, on a regular basis to the function of the system, hardware and software performance, and the application of the system to evaluate the economic effects, to check whether the system to achieve the desired objectives and future direction of development. Evaluation of economic indicators, including monetary and non-monetary indicators of evaluation.
The emergence of object-oriented technology to the development of information systems has brought new hope, object-oriented technology was first originated in the object-oriented programming language, with the object-oriented programming techniques are maturing, object-oriented thinking and Methods gradually mature. System development through the object-oriented analysis, design and programming, real-world space model smooth and natural transition to object-oriented model, the system development process and people realize the objective world to maintain the maximum consensus process . Use object-oriented approach to the development of high-quality information system software, system flexibility and system reliability, the system can reuse and maintenance, and changes in internal and external environment in the process, the system easier to maintain a longer life cycle. Overall, the basic object-oriented systems development experience in two stages: first "WHAT", that is the problem domain; second, "HOW", namely how to achieve the target system. Demonstrated the characteristics and trends: analysis and design more closely difficult points, increasing the proportion of small programming (mainly due to increased reuse), system testing and maintenance of simplified, more easily expanded, even more emphasis on the development model of interaction between objects The ability to describe.
Coad & Yourdon way is a gradual approach, by category and target identification, structure and composition of inheritance, property, services and a theme of the object-oriented model. The practical method is relatively simple and easy to model structure, but the dynamic features of the system is not fully expressed (mainly the overall dynamic features), and the system reflects the functional characteristics of the less well off. Overall, the system ways to reflect structural integrity, a good model of consistency, easy to complete development system, is a useful approach.
It should be noted that, although the object-oriented development method is a practical and effective system development, but it is undeniable that the structure of the traditional method still has its merits. Should therefore be an effective method of drawing the traditional strengths to compensate for object-oriented development method of weaknesses, so that 00 is more reasonable development, better.
Management of information systems, including information systems development life cycle in two stages of the operation and management. This chapter from the development project management, operation and management and evaluation of three aspects such as management information system described in the basic knowledge.
Information systems development is in the planning system after the systems analysis, design and implementation phases of the development work collectively. Information systems development is a time-consuming effort of the difficult and complex project, its difficult to be significantly higher than the development of technology systems. In order to effectively on economic development of good quality information systems on time, we should be as a project to manage.
Information system development projects including the development of the management of the organization, planning, implementation, monitoring and control of activities: the development of the organization of the main requirements of a professional staff with the identification, development organizations of the establishment, the division of tasks and development work The coordination. Given China's current lack of information management, with special emphasis on the development of practical training in the organization's own information officers. We would also like to recognize the common system users involved in the development of the importance of the work, success or failure of this project is one of the key factors. Project work plan is in clear steps to work with the sub-project, sub-project and development of the relationship between the sequence of steps each sub-project and work on the basis of workload, according to the progress of requests for specific tasks and requirements to the programme of action. Workload general said the number of years of employment, but bearing in mind that does not necessarily increase the development staff to accelerate development, because too many staff will have a more coordinated and integrated work and productive. Information systems facing the management of uncertainty and instability and other issues, it is difficult to grasp the progress of development, the work plan of control is particularly important. Information systems work plan for the common cause of delays in addition, there is a special reason, fundamentally speaking, the development progress of the settlement of the issue depends on the mode of organization and management systems development and standardization issues such as standardization of the solution.
The operation and management information system is put into operation after the new system is in its life cycle is expected to play the role and effectiveness have carried out the work, which includes day-to-day operational management, standardized document management system, the system's security and confidentiality And so on. Day-to-day operation and management is the most important and most frequently the work, the specific operation of a system of records, the system's day-to-day maintenance and adaptability of maintenance, its purpose is to enable the system to always maintain good operational status of system documentation, information systems The lifeline system document management is the standardization of the system development process at various stages of the various technical documents and files in the custody and operation of the process of updating the documentation work, but also enable the system to normal operation of the infrastructure work; system The security and confidentiality is a hard and soft measures to protect through a variety of system resources, without loss to the management of the system software and hardware damage or leakage of information organizations will bring Bukeguji the loss, and even endanger the survival and development, Therefore the information system security and confidentiality of information systems for users is essential and extremely important.
Decision Support System (DSS) is the 1970s gradually formed, and it is combined with the use of powerful computer information processing capacity and the flexibility judgement, interactive way to support decision-makers for semi-structured and unstructured decision-making problems Information systems. On DSS in general when talking about the academic community is of concern to the DSS and the relationship between the MIS issues, we believe, DSS and MIS goals, different starting point, DSS is the goal of MIS was one of the goals we should pursue. From a development point of view, can be seen as DSS MIS is the advanced stage or high-level subsystems. However, in order to help an in-depth special studies, DSS will be relatively independent of the MIS is also necessary.
DSS by the general human-machine dialogue, databases, and model the way the system as equivalent to a combination of organic components. Parts of the relationship between the DSS system constituted a structure, with different features of the DSS, its structure is different. DSS common structure triangle-and-Series and integration, and so on. DSS interactive subsystem is a window, a user interface and the computer, it is good or bad decision of the system availability, marks the system level. Database subsystem is the storage, management, to provide support for decision-making and maintenance of data or information DSS basic components, is the support model for the subsystem and methods based subsystem. The model is the storage subsystems, management, use and maintenance of decision-making model and the model unit components, is the core of the DSS, the DSS is also the most complex and most difficult to achieve part. Subsystem is the method of storage, management, maintenance and call DSS to use the various components of the generic algorithms, function, and other standard methods of components to other parts plays a support role.