所有从句的构成,语法的使用,请举例说明!中英文一起!解释容易理解点,

所有从句的构成,语法的使用,请举例说明!中英文一起!解释容易理解点,
要说下注意事项!

状语从句时间状语从句：
状语从句需要连词引导.引导时间状语从句的连词有： when,while,as,as soon as,before,once,after, since,till/until等. 例如：
When you finish doing this drill, you may go on to the next one.
I'll let you know as soon as it is settled.
She has written fifty letters home since she came to Beijing.
注意（一）：
虽然till和until可互相交换使用.但在句首只能用until.
用于否定句时,表示“直到…时,才…”；“在…以前,不…”例如：
Until you told me about the book I had no idea of it.
（在你告诉我之前,我对此书一无所知.）
I won't know where he is until I get a letter from him.
（收到他的信时我才知道他在那里.）
时间状态语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时间,用现在完成时表示将来完成时间.例如：
As soon as my brother arrives, we'll start working.
while和as的区别：when表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生或先于主句动作,可以指一段时间也可以指特定的时间点；while表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生,表示“一边…一边…”,通常指一段时间.
例如：
Jack stayed with us when /while he was in Beijing.
He called us when he arrived in Beijing.
地点状语从句：
引导地点状语从句的有where,wherever,everywher等连词.例如：
Where there is a will, there is a way. （有志者 事竟成）
Wherever you met him, it was not in my house.
Everywhere he goes he makes new friends.
Everywhere she went, she was kindly received.
条件状语从句：
一般由if（如果）,unless（除非,如果不）,as/so long as(只要)等连词引导.例如：
Please come by if you are free.
Unless you study harder, you're going to fail the exam.
注意（二）：
条件状语从句中也须用一般现在时表示将来时间,用现在完成时表示将来完成时间.例如：
If it rains tomorrow, we won't go hiking.
原因状语从句：
引导原因状语从句的连接词通常有because（因为）,as（由于）,Since（由于）,now that（既然；由于）等.例如：
As it is raining, you had better take your umbrella with you.
You must tell the truth since you know the fact.
She couldn't get up because her legs were wounded.
I can't go to the movie because I'm too busy.
注意（三）：
because,as和since均可指原因,但because引导的从句常位于主句之前；而as和since引导的句常位于主句之前；because表示原因的语气最强,而as和since语气较弱,只是附带说明一下主句内容是由从句引起的结果.as和since常指说话人和听话人双方都知道的原因.当回答以why引导的疑问 句时必须用because.例如：
Why didn't you come to the meeting?
Because I had a bad cold.
结果状语从句
结果状语从句一般由so…that（如此…以致于）,such…that（如此…以致于）,such that(如此… 以致于）和so that（以致于）等引导.so…that与such…that的区别在于：so接形容词或副词,such接名词或名词词组.例如:
He was so excited that he couldn't help jumping.
She spoke so loudly that every one in the big hall can hear her.
It was such a terrible accident that few people survived.
There were so few students present that the class was cancelled.
The book was written in such simple English that we could understand it easily.
目的状语从句一般由so that （为了；以便）和in order that （为了；以便）引导的目的状语从句,lest 表示“免得/以防/以免”.从句中一般用虚拟语气,动词形式 为“should+ 动词原形”.
She speak louder so that everyone in the hall sould hear her.
They sent the book by air mail in order that it might reach us in good time.
The teacher hid the key to exercises lest the students should see it.
We set off early lest we should be late.
让步状语从句：
让步状语从句常用although/though（虽然）,even though/even if（尽管）,as（尽管）,whatever/whenever/however（无论什么/何时/如何）,no matter what/when/how（无论什么/何时/如何）等到引导.no matter what/when/how（无论什么/何时/如何）等引导.as表示让步时一般用于部分倒装结构,though也有此 用法.例如：
We'll try our best to finish the work in time though we are short of materials.
He still wanted to do it although I warned him not to.
Although she slept ten hours last night,she is still tired.
Although the road was narrow, the driver managed to pass it safely.
方式状语从句:
方式状态语从句常由as if/as though（好像,如同）等.例如：
She acted as if/though nothing had happened.
She always talks to him as if she were/was his sister.
It looks as if it'll rain.
He treats me as if I am/were his brother.
在句中做宾语的分句叫宾语从句.在复合句中,宾语从句既可充当谓语动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语.其位置与陈述句中宾语的位置相同,往往位于复合句的后半部分.学习“宾语从句”要做到三注意：
一、要注意根据不同的表达内容,宾语从句使用不同的连接词.
(1)表示陈述句内容的宾语从句用that引导.that本身无意义,在口语中常被省略.例如：
I think (that) you’ll come to help us.
我认为你们会来帮助我们的.
(2)表示一般疑问句内容的宾语从句用if或whether引导,if和whether意思为“是否”.whether引导的宾语从句根据需要可用whether…or not结构.例如：
We asked them if they had found the lost child.
我们问他们是否找到那个丢失的孩子.
Please tell us whether you will come or not.
请告诉我们你是来还是不来.
(3)表示特殊疑问句用连接代词who、whom、whose、which、what 或连接副词when、where、how、why等引导,这些词在宾语从句中充当一定的句子成分.例如：
Did he tell the teacher why he was last again?
他对老师讲过他再次迟到的原因吗?
Tell me what they are talking about.
告诉我们他们正在谈论什么.
二、要注意宾语从句中主语、谓语的顺序必须使用陈述句的语序.例如：
(1)There will be a party tomorrow.(He said)
He said (that) there would be a party tomorrow.
他说明天将会有一个晚会.
原句是陈述句,改为宾语从句后仍用原来的陈述句语序.
(2)Is his brother a doctor?(Tell me)
Tell me if (whether) his brother is a doctor.
告诉我他的弟弟是否是一位医生.
原句是一般疑问句,改为宾语从句后要把原句改为陈述句语序.
(3)What does he do?(I don’ know)
I don’t know what he dose.
我不知道他是干什么的.
原句是特殊疑问句,改为宾语从句后要把原句中特殊疑问词后的部分改为陈述句语序,但是疑问词who、what、whose等在句中作主语的除外.例如：
Who is singing in the room?(Tell me)
Tell me who is singing in the room.
who在句中作主语.
三、要注意宾语从句的时态与主句相呼应.
(1)若主句时态是一般现在时,从句的时态须视情况而定.例如：
I think that he is right.(指现在的情况)
I think that he was right.(指当时的情况)
I think that he will come. (指将来的情况)
(2)若主语动词是一般过去时,从句的时态通常为过去时态的某种形式.例如：
I knew that he was watching TV at that time.(从句为过去进行时)
He said that he would be back two days later.(从句为过去将来时)
I found that they had left here.(从句为过去完成时)

名词性从句(Noun Clauses)
名词性从句具有名词的功能,有主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句四种.名词性从句均不能用逗号与句子的其他成份隔断,从句中的主谓语不能用倒装语序.
1． 主语从句（The Subject Clause）
1） 主语从句在句中作主语.如：
What we have done is in the interest of the people.
2） 主语从句位于句首时,会使句子显得笨重,因此常以it 作为形式主语,而将主语从句后置,以保持句子平衡.如：
It is strange that she didn’t come yesterday.
3） 引导主语从句的词有：
连词：that, whether
代词：what, who, which
副词：when, where, how, why
例句：
That he was chosen made us very excited.
Whether he was chosen is unknown.
What we need is careful preparation.
Who will go makes no difference.
Which team will win the match is still not certain.
When they will start has not been decided yet.
Where she has gone is a mystery.
How this happened is not clear.
Why he did that wasn’t quite clear.
1． 表语从句（The Predicative Clause）
1） 表语从句在句中作表语,位于主句中的系动词之后.如：
The question is whether she can speak English.
2） 引导表语从句的词有：
连词：that, whether, as if
代词：what, who, which
副词：when, where, how, why
[注] 表语从句不能用if 引导,但可用as if 引导
例句：
The trouble is that she has lost his address.
The question is whether it is worth doing.
It looked as if it was going to rain.
That is what we need.
The problem was who could do the work.
That is where he was born.
This is how she did it.
That is why he was late.
1． 同位语从句（The Appositive Clause）
1） 同位语从句在句中作同位语,它一般要放在主句中某些名词的后面,说明这些名词的含义.可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：
fact, news, promise, reason, idea等.如：
We heard the news that our team had won.
2） 引导同位语从句的词有：
连词：that
副词：how, when, where
例句：
The fact that he was killed made us surprised.
You have no idea how worried I was.
I have no idea when he will be back.
1． 宾语从句（The Object Clause）
1） 宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语.
如：I wonder who he is.
He is sorry for what he has done.
2） 引导宾语从句的词有：
连词：that, whether, if
代词：who, whose, what, which
副词：when, where, how, why
例句：
I think(that) he’ll be all right in a few days.
I wonder whether(if) he can speak German or not.
Do you know who(whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose book it was.
Pay attention to what the teacher said.
He can’t tell which method they will use for the experiment.
Please tell me when you can finish the work.
[注]：在口语及非正式文体中,that常省略.
3） 在使用宾语从句时应注意时态呼应.
1 主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时,从句谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态.
如：He says his father is/was a teacher.
I’m sure that you’ll succeed.
2 主句谓语动词是过去时态,从句谓语动词一般须用过去时.如：
I thought he studied hard.
He said he was watching TV.
They didn’t know when they would go to Beijing.
She said she had finished the work..
[注]：从句如果与某一具体的过去时间状语连用,尽管其谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之
前,仍用一般过去时. 如：
She told me that her father died in 1991.
从句所说明的是一般真理或客观事实,即使主句用过去时,从句仍用一般现在时.
The teacher told the students that the computer is a wonderful machine.
1） 不能省略that 的宾语从句
情况说明 例句
句中的动词后接两个或两个以上的
that从句作宾语时,第一个that可
省,但后面的that 不可省. He said (that) he couldn’t tell
you right away and that you
wouldn’t understand.
当主句的谓语动词与that宾语
从句之间有插入语时,that一
般不可省. Just then I noticed, for the
first time, that our master was
wearing his fine green coat
and his black silk cap.
当that从句是双宾语中的直接
宾语时,that不可省 I must never tell anyone that
I could not see the cloth.
当that宾语从句前有it作形式
宾语时,that 不可省 We think it important
that we study hard.

分清几组易混的词
1． what 与that

引导词
特征 what that
引导从句 主语从句,表语从句,
宾语从句 主语从句,表语从句,同
位语从句,宾语从句
在从句中
的功能 主语、表语、宾语 仅引导从句,不做从句
中任何成份
实际