英语翻译In the 1870’s when the story happens,women on both sides

英语翻译
In the 1870’s when the story happens,women on both sides of the Atlantic still had few rights,few opportunities,although much progress had been made during the reign of Queen Victoria.The modes of thought and of life of women of all classes had altered considerably in the nineteenth century.But before and during that period there had been a great deal of unhappiness and frustration among better-educated women.Here our discussion is mainly confined to middle and upper classes,as is the same case in James’s fiction.It can be said that almost everyone assumed that women were the inferior sex,and that marriage was their natural destiny.Yet for large number of them this was impossible because women were the majority of the population.This is why marriage is one of the great themes in the eighteenth century novel.Many writers,like Jane Austin and Thackeray,wrote about mother scheming for their fortunes or who are punished because they are poor.In The Portrait of a Lady,marriage is also the only destiny for Miss Archer in spite of her reluctance to begin life by marrying.After she has refused “good” marriage,she claims,“There are other things a woman can do.”(chapter 15) She is bothered with free choice,but she ultimately has no options except marriage.The portrait opens with the question of whether or not a woman must marry,but moves quickly,to the question of whom she will marry.She falls into the matrimonial trap Osmond and Madame Merle set for her.Poor as she has been,she never realizes the importance of wealth.From early childhood on,girls were taught to obey their fathers,husbands and even brothers and to create an atmosphere of support and nurturance for men.“I’m glad they’ve taught you to obey,” as Madame Merle says,“That’s what good little girls should do (p 253).” Middle-class women had been relieved of housework and left with a good deal of free time on their hands.Isabel finds out that the two Misses Molyneux,Lord Warburton’s sister “are very fond of crewels”(p 82).They are depicted as representatives of the fifty thousand young women in England,so they can show us what an English woman was like at that time:with “an extreme sweetness and shyness of demeanor” and “round,quiet and contented eyes”.Usually,unmarried women lived with and depended on their brother after death of their father; spinsters would be looked down upon as a burden with mixed pity and contempt.Looking up to one’s brother was natural for them.The Two Misses Molyneux is lucky to have such a kind,generous and wealth brother as Lord Warburton.Even with such a brother,when Miss Molyneux wants to ask for something,she “addressed him with a certain timidity”(p 141),and when Lord Warburton completely ignores her,she “as if he had been Royalty-stood like a lady-in-waiting”1,making no objection.

在1870年代发生的故事时,妇女在大西洋两岸仍有少数的权利,机会不多,虽然已经取得了很大进展在维多利亚女王时代.思维方式和妇女的生活各阶层改变大大在十九世纪.但在此之前和在此期间出现了大量的不满和失望受过良好教育的妇女.在这里我们的讨论主要限于中层和上层阶级,这是同一案件中詹姆斯的小说.可以说,几乎每个人都以为,妇女的低下性别,婚姻是他们的自然的命运.然而,对于许多人,这是不可能的,因为妇女占人口的大多数.这就是为什么婚姻是一个伟大的主题,在18世纪的小说.许多作家,像简奥斯汀和萨克雷,写母亲的命运策划或谁受到惩罚,因为他们是穷人.在肖像的夫人,婚姻也是唯一的命运小姐阿彻尽管她不愿意结婚生活的开始.在她拒绝“良好”的婚姻,她声称,“还有其他事情可以做一个女人.” （第15章） ,她是与自由选择的困扰,但她最终没有选择,除非结婚.画像打开的问题,不论妇女必须结婚,但动作迅速,问题的人,她会结婚.她落入婚姻的陷阱奥斯蒙德和夫人梅尔里奥一套给她.穷人,她一直,她从来没有意识到财富的重要性.从幼儿开始,女孩教服从他们的父亲,丈夫和兄弟甚至创造有利气氛的支持和抚育男子.“我很高兴他们已经教你服从,”夫人默尔说：“这是很好的小女孩应该做的（ p 253 ） .”中产阶级妇女被解除家务和留下一个很好的协议的空闲时间对他们的手.伊莎贝尔认为,这两个小姐莫利纽兹,主王柏桐的姐姐“是很喜欢crewels ” （第82 ） .他们描绘成代表五点○万年轻妇女在英格兰,这样他们就可以查看我们的英语女性就象在那个时候：以“一个极端的甜度和羞怯的风采”和“轮,安静和知足的眼睛” .通常情况下,未婚妇女的生活和取决于其弟弟去世后其父亲;老处女将瞧不起看作是一种负担混合怜悯和蔑视.仰望一个人的兄弟是很自然的.两个小姐Molyneux是幸运,有这样一种,慷慨和财富兄弟勋爵王柏桐.即使有这样一个哥哥,当小姐莫利纽兹想要求什么,她“给他一定的胆怯” （第141号） ,当主王柏桐完全无视她,她“因为如果他一直版税站在像夫人在等待“ 1 ,决策没有异议.