作业帮专业英语翻译——将下面中文翻译成英文（3）
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：综合作业 时间：2024/07/20 08:34:35
专业英语翻译——将下面中文翻译成英文（3）
(三)幼儿的心理卫生
三至六、七岁的孩子处于幼儿期，也叫学龄前期。这个年龄阶段的孩子有的长托在幼儿园，有的仍在家里。家庭和幼儿园都应重视幼儿的心理卫生问题。
首先要让孩子摆正在家庭中的地位，“扮演”好他应当担当的“角色”。存在决定意识，存在也决定一个人的性格形成。幼儿正处于性格勾画蓝图的时期，也是个打基础的时期，家庭成员对他的态度，尤其是把他摆在什么位置上，让他担当什么角色，都对他的性格形成起巨大作用。出于母爱之心，人们对独生子女尤为珍爱，这是人之常情．但不少人往往把母爱和溺爱混淆起来，以孩子为核心，娇生惯养，要啥给啥，说啥是啥，把孩子惯得不像样子。这从眼前看，孩子随心所欲，欢欢乐乐，父母快慰，心情舒畅。但从长远观点看，并不利于孩子成长，尤其有害于孩子但心理健康。因为这样娇惯的孩子，大都任性，自我中心、自私、无礼，缺乏独立性，怯懦等。这样一些不良的性格特点一旦稳定下来，就会变成习惯化了的行为方式。将来一旦失去家庭的保护，父母的仗恃，就会变得胆小、畏缩，人际关系紧张，势必在心理上遭受更多的冲突与创伤。另外，娇生惯养的孩子往往缺乏独立性，缺乏克服困难的毅力和顽强精神，这对他们长大成才也是有影响的。搞好幼儿心理卫生，应当注意以下几点：
1．让孩子多多感受和睦家庭的温暖。这个问题对培养孩子良好的情绪和性格都有重要意义。在一个和睦家庭里，人们敬老爱幼，互相关心，互相爱护，这种和谐而又温暖的气氛，是有利于幼儿心理卫生的。有人甚至认为，这对形成他终生的道德情操都有意义。相反，有的家庭今天吵嘴，明天打架，有的还拉着孩子盲目参战；还有的夫妻不和，把孩子夹在中间，拉来推去，弄得孩子无所适从，恐惧不安。有人研究证明，这样的孩子易患口吃、夜尿症和胃病等。尤其是破裂家庭，对孩子的影响更大。据一项少年犯罪的调查来看，少年犯罪出现率最高的是四岁丧母或丧父的人。另对135名少年罪犯调查，其中有40％的人出身于破裂家庭。在破裂家庭中，父母离婚对子女的影响更坏，因为丧父母的孩子常受人同情，而离婚者的子女易受人歧视，更有害于心理卫生。
2．正确对待相处理幼儿的口吃和遗尿等疾病，口吃多是因幼儿模仿或精神突然紧张造成的，男孩大约有4％，女孩大约有2％。口吃看起来是件所谓“小事”，可对孩子的心理挫伤很严重，往往形成孤独、退缩、羞怯、自卑等不良性格待征。所以．家长要防止孩子口吃，患了口吃不要讥笑他，更不要打他骂他，要鼓励他树立信心，精神放松，慢慢纠正。再是五岁以后的孩子尿床，这叫患遗尿症。遗尿症除少数是生理原因以外，大都是由于精神紧张造成的，也有的是父母对孩子溺爱不加训练造成的。五、六岁的孩子尿床，自己感到不好意思，家长万万不可再用羞辱甚至责骂的办法来企图治好他的遗尿症。因为孩子越紧张，遗尿症越难治好。同时，因遗尿而受责打很容易形成、孩子焦虑、抑郁、自卑等不良性格。
3．正确对待孩子的过失和错误。孩子小，知识经验少，能力不强，许多是非不清，因而出现过失和犯错误都是不奇怪的。成人尚“吃一堑，长一智”，孩子更是在过失和错误中不断学习增长见识的。基于这个道理，对于孩子的过失和错误要心平气和，教育要耐心细致，尤其要讲清道理，不要让孩子心里感到委屈。打孩子，骂孩子，都不是好办法，因为经常损伤孩子的自尊心，孩子就更不易接受批评和教育，甚至形成不良的品德和人格。批评教育孩子时父母口径要一致。假如一方批评，一方袒护，就会使孩子非混淆，不愿接受教育。批评教育孩子的目的不是父母出气，或是让孩子服软，而是要引导孩子认识错误，鼓励孩子心情舒畅地改正错误。
(三)幼儿的心理卫生
三至六、七岁的孩子处于幼儿期，也叫学龄前期。这个年龄阶段的孩子有的长托在幼儿园，有的仍在家里。家庭和幼儿园都应重视幼儿的心理卫生问题。
首先要让孩子摆正在家庭中的地位，“扮演”好他应当担当的“角色”。存在决定意识，存在也决定一个人的性格形成。幼儿正处于性格勾画蓝图的时期，也是个打基础的时期，家庭成员对他的态度，尤其是把他摆在什么位置上，让他担当什么角色，都对他的性格形成起巨大作用。出于母爱之心，人们对独生子女尤为珍爱，这是人之常情．但不少人往往把母爱和溺爱混淆起来，以孩子为核心，娇生惯养，要啥给啥，说啥是啥，把孩子惯得不像样子。这从眼前看，孩子随心所欲，欢欢乐乐，父母快慰，心情舒畅。但从长远观点看，并不利于孩子成长，尤其有害于孩子但心理健康。因为这样娇惯的孩子，大都任性，自我中心、自私、无礼，缺乏独立性，怯懦等。这样一些不良的性格特点一旦稳定下来，就会变成习惯化了的行为方式。将来一旦失去家庭的保护，父母的仗恃，就会变得胆小、畏缩，人际关系紧张，势必在心理上遭受更多的冲突与创伤。另外，娇生惯养的孩子往往缺乏独立性，缺乏克服困难的毅力和顽强精神，这对他们长大成才也是有影响的。搞好幼儿心理卫生，应当注意以下几点：
1．让孩子多多感受和睦家庭的温暖。这个问题对培养孩子良好的情绪和性格都有重要意义。在一个和睦家庭里，人们敬老爱幼，互相关心，互相爱护，这种和谐而又温暖的气氛，是有利于幼儿心理卫生的。有人甚至认为，这对形成他终生的道德情操都有意义。相反，有的家庭今天吵嘴，明天打架，有的还拉着孩子盲目参战；还有的夫妻不和，把孩子夹在中间，拉来推去，弄得孩子无所适从，恐惧不安。有人研究证明，这样的孩子易患口吃、夜尿症和胃病等。尤其是破裂家庭，对孩子的影响更大。据一项少年犯罪的调查来看，少年犯罪出现率最高的是四岁丧母或丧父的人。另对135名少年罪犯调查，其中有40％的人出身于破裂家庭。在破裂家庭中，父母离婚对子女的影响更坏，因为丧父母的孩子常受人同情，而离婚者的子女易受人歧视，更有害于心理卫生。
2．正确对待相处理幼儿的口吃和遗尿等疾病，口吃多是因幼儿模仿或精神突然紧张造成的，男孩大约有4％，女孩大约有2％。口吃看起来是件所谓“小事”，可对孩子的心理挫伤很严重，往往形成孤独、退缩、羞怯、自卑等不良性格待征。所以．家长要防止孩子口吃，患了口吃不要讥笑他，更不要打他骂他，要鼓励他树立信心，精神放松，慢慢纠正。再是五岁以后的孩子尿床，这叫患遗尿症。遗尿症除少数是生理原因以外，大都是由于精神紧张造成的，也有的是父母对孩子溺爱不加训练造成的。五、六岁的孩子尿床，自己感到不好意思，家长万万不可再用羞辱甚至责骂的办法来企图治好他的遗尿症。因为孩子越紧张，遗尿症越难治好。同时，因遗尿而受责打很容易形成、孩子焦虑、抑郁、自卑等不良性格。
3．正确对待孩子的过失和错误。孩子小，知识经验少，能力不强，许多是非不清，因而出现过失和犯错误都是不奇怪的。成人尚“吃一堑，长一智”，孩子更是在过失和错误中不断学习增长见识的。基于这个道理，对于孩子的过失和错误要心平气和，教育要耐心细致，尤其要讲清道理，不要让孩子心里感到委屈。打孩子，骂孩子，都不是好办法，因为经常损伤孩子的自尊心，孩子就更不易接受批评和教育，甚至形成不良的品德和人格。批评教育孩子时父母口径要一致。假如一方批评，一方袒护，就会使孩子非混淆，不愿接受教育。批评教育孩子的目的不是父母出气，或是让孩子服软，而是要引导孩子认识错误，鼓励孩子心情舒畅地改正错误。
3-6, seven-year-old children were in early childhood, also known as pre-school period. Children at this age have a long time of care in kindergarten, and some are still at home .Family and kindergarten should attach importance to children's mental health problem
Firstly, Children must be given the status in the family, "play" well he should play the "role". Existence result in consciousness. Existence also forms a person's character. Children‘s character is come into being for this period, the period is also a foundation to the child. Family members of his attitude, in particular, what the position he is put in and what the role played by him, all effect the formation of his character greatly. Parents love of the single child because of the motherly love. However, many people tend to confuse motherly love and spoil, regard children as the core, the cosseted, and satisfied the desire, no matter what he wants. Child is happy, parents are happy. However, from the long-term viewpoint, is not conducive to child growth, especially harmful to the mental health of children. By pampering children like this, self-willed, self-centered, selfish, impolite, lack of independence and cowardice will be formed in child’s character. Children will become accustomed to the bad behavior after such terrible character is formed stably .with losing the protection of Parent, it will become timid, interpersonal tensions, suffering more psychological conflict and trauma. In addition, the cosseted Children often are in scarcity of the independence, the lack of determination to overcome difficulties and indomitable spirit, which has an immense influence to being talent for the child. Doing a good job of children’s mental health, the following points should be noted:
1. Making children feel harmonious especially the warmth of home. Children on this issue cultivate a good mood and personality of great significance. Living in a harmonious home, such a harmonious and warm atmosphere that people respect and care for the young and old, mutual concern and love, is conducive to the child mental health .Some people even think that the circumstance is significant to the formation of his moral character all his life. In contrast, home quarrel and fight will not stop in some family .Inconceivablely, children also took part in the “war” blindly; the quarrel between some husband and wife result in making the child confused and fearful because the gay can’t decide whom he is in favor of. Some studies have proved that such a child is susceptible to stuttering, and some trouble of nocturnal enuresis and stomach. In particular, the breakdown of families has a greater impact on children. According to a survey of juvenile delinquency, juvenile delinquency rate is the highest in the crowd who lost his mother or father in four-year-old. In another 135 juvenile offenders, 40% of people have come from broken families. In broken home, the influence become even worse after the parents ‘divorce to their children. Not only the children lost their parents often by people sympathetic and children in the divorced family are vulnerable to discrimination, but also detrimental to mental health.
2. Right to treat children with stuttering and enuresis, stuttering is due to the trouble of imitation or mental sudden tension. Generally speaking, there are around 4% of boys, girls have around 2%. Stuttering look as "trivial", however, children can be very serious psychological injury, resulting in the bad character such as lonely, back, shy, low self-esteem .So; parents should prevent stuttering in their children. Don’t large at the stuttering child, not to beat him, but encouraging him to establish confidence in the spirit of relaxation, and being corrected in a long time. Another, that five-year-old children are bed-wetting called enuresis patients. Except some physiological reasons, most enuresis patients caused by the tension spirit, but also some parents doting on their children without training. Five, six-year-old children wet the bed that he was embarrassed, and then the parents must not humiliate or even scold him to try to cure the enuresis. More nervous children are, more difficult to cure enuresis. At the same time, being scold cause by the enuresis easily form the bad character such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.
3. We should treat the mistakes of children correctly. Being at the young age, the less knowledge and experience, and poor ability that result in errors and mistakes are not unusual at all. Adults is still "cutting one to eat, a gain in your wit", Children need learn to grow up according to the fault and mistakes continuously. For this reason, the child's fault and error should be treated calm, patient education, in particular, and to tell the truth, without making children feel grievance. It is not a good way to beat or scold children because damaging children's self-respect frequently is negative for the children to accept criticism and education, and even form bad moral and character. Children will feel confused, thus leading to accept the education unwillingly, when one of the couple criticism but the other shield. The purpose of education and Criticism is not give vent to parent’s anger or soft serve children, but children should be guided to recognize errors, and encourage the children to correct their mistakes happily.
写了好长时间，累死了。。。。。
Firstly, Children must be given the status in the family, "play" well he should play the "role". Existence result in consciousness. Existence also forms a person's character. Children‘s character is come into being for this period, the period is also a foundation to the child. Family members of his attitude, in particular, what the position he is put in and what the role played by him, all effect the formation of his character greatly. Parents love of the single child because of the motherly love. However, many people tend to confuse motherly love and spoil, regard children as the core, the cosseted, and satisfied the desire, no matter what he wants. Child is happy, parents are happy. However, from the long-term viewpoint, is not conducive to child growth, especially harmful to the mental health of children. By pampering children like this, self-willed, self-centered, selfish, impolite, lack of independence and cowardice will be formed in child’s character. Children will become accustomed to the bad behavior after such terrible character is formed stably .with losing the protection of Parent, it will become timid, interpersonal tensions, suffering more psychological conflict and trauma. In addition, the cosseted Children often are in scarcity of the independence, the lack of determination to overcome difficulties and indomitable spirit, which has an immense influence to being talent for the child. Doing a good job of children’s mental health, the following points should be noted:
1. Making children feel harmonious especially the warmth of home. Children on this issue cultivate a good mood and personality of great significance. Living in a harmonious home, such a harmonious and warm atmosphere that people respect and care for the young and old, mutual concern and love, is conducive to the child mental health .Some people even think that the circumstance is significant to the formation of his moral character all his life. In contrast, home quarrel and fight will not stop in some family .Inconceivablely, children also took part in the “war” blindly; the quarrel between some husband and wife result in making the child confused and fearful because the gay can’t decide whom he is in favor of. Some studies have proved that such a child is susceptible to stuttering, and some trouble of nocturnal enuresis and stomach. In particular, the breakdown of families has a greater impact on children. According to a survey of juvenile delinquency, juvenile delinquency rate is the highest in the crowd who lost his mother or father in four-year-old. In another 135 juvenile offenders, 40% of people have come from broken families. In broken home, the influence become even worse after the parents ‘divorce to their children. Not only the children lost their parents often by people sympathetic and children in the divorced family are vulnerable to discrimination, but also detrimental to mental health.
2. Right to treat children with stuttering and enuresis, stuttering is due to the trouble of imitation or mental sudden tension. Generally speaking, there are around 4% of boys, girls have around 2%. Stuttering look as "trivial", however, children can be very serious psychological injury, resulting in the bad character such as lonely, back, shy, low self-esteem .So; parents should prevent stuttering in their children. Don’t large at the stuttering child, not to beat him, but encouraging him to establish confidence in the spirit of relaxation, and being corrected in a long time. Another, that five-year-old children are bed-wetting called enuresis patients. Except some physiological reasons, most enuresis patients caused by the tension spirit, but also some parents doting on their children without training. Five, six-year-old children wet the bed that he was embarrassed, and then the parents must not humiliate or even scold him to try to cure the enuresis. More nervous children are, more difficult to cure enuresis. At the same time, being scold cause by the enuresis easily form the bad character such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.
3. We should treat the mistakes of children correctly. Being at the young age, the less knowledge and experience, and poor ability that result in errors and mistakes are not unusual at all. Adults is still "cutting one to eat, a gain in your wit", Children need learn to grow up according to the fault and mistakes continuously. For this reason, the child's fault and error should be treated calm, patient education, in particular, and to tell the truth, without making children feel grievance. It is not a good way to beat or scold children because damaging children's self-respect frequently is negative for the children to accept criticism and education, and even form bad moral and character. Children will feel confused, thus leading to accept the education unwillingly, when one of the couple criticism but the other shield. The purpose of education and Criticism is not give vent to parent’s anger or soft serve children, but children should be guided to recognize errors, and encourage the children to correct their mistakes happily.
写了好长时间，累死了。。。。。