英语翻译The complete design of a machine is a complex process.Th

英语翻译
The complete design of a machine is a complex process.The designer must have a good background in such fields as static,kinematics,dynamics,and strength of materials,and in addition,be familiar with the fabricating materials and processes.The designer must be able to assemble all the relevant facts,and make calculations,sketches ,and drawing to convey manufacturing information to the shop.
One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made.Numerous materials are available to today’s designers.The function of the product,its appearance,the cost of the material,and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection,a careful evaluation of the properties of a material must be made prior to any calculations.
Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design.Calculations never appear on drawings,but are filed away for several reasons.In case of any part failures,it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components.Also,an experience file can result from having calculations from past projects.When a similar design is needed,past records are of great help.

机器的整体设计是个复杂工程.设计师必须在静力学、动力学、材料强度等领域有良好的积淀,除此之外,还要熟悉构造材料及成型工艺.设计师必须懂装配、会计算、能画图,并且把图纸需求表达给生产车间.
产品设计的第一步选择材料,如今有相当多的材料供设计师选用,产品的功能、外观,选材时要重点考虑材料的采购与制造成本,在精确计算前,必须先对所用材料特性有个详细估算.
仔细核算是为了保证设计的正确性,虽然图纸里不显示计算,但由于很多因素必须进行校核.为了避免任何部件失效,就需要知道不合格零件在初始设计时采取了哪些措施,也可以查阅相关过去项目的设计计算书.如果需要近似产品的设计,过去的记录就非常有用.