宾语从句和定语从句的用法 （要详细,有例句及翻译）.

宾语从句和定语从句的用法 （要详细,有例句及翻译）.

1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语.引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略.
e.g.I hope (that) everything is all right.
2、介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或 whether.
e.g.I'm interested in whether you've finished the work..
I'm interested in what you've said.
3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换.但下面情况不能互换.
①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether.
　　e.g.I wonder if it doesn't rain.
　　②用if 会引起误解,就要用whether.
　　e.g.Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解）
　　③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用,就不能换成if；不直接连用,可换.
　　e.g.I don't know whether or not the report is true.
　　I don't know whether/ if the report is true or not.
　　④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导.whether 可与不定式连用.whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if.但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether.
　　e.g.It depends on whether we have enough time.
They don't know whether to go there.
Please come to see me if you have time.
再问： 定语从句呢？
再答： 定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词。 定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、 which、 whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词， 在定语从句中担当某一成份。 关系代词和关系副词的作用： 先行词指物时， 关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。 如：China is a country which / that has a large population. The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite. 先行词指人时， 关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。 如： The man who is mending the machine has been retired. This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday. I like the girl whose mother is an actor. 注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或 who。 先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。如：I didn't understand the words all that he said. 2．先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to . 行词既包括人，也包括物。如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road. 当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：who is the man that opened up the lab.