上海外语教育出版第三版社大学英语精读4课后习题翻译答案?

上海外语教育出版第三版社大学英语精读4课后习题翻译答案?

Key to the Exercises
II. Vocabulary
I. Practice using the rules of word formation.
1) Examine how the compound nouns from the text are formed Work out their meanings. Add more words that are formed in the same way.
These compound nouns are formed by noun+noun.
2) Examine how the word "sincerity" is formed. Find out the meaning of the noun suffix "-ty" with the help of a dictionary.
sincerity; sincere + -ity
The suffix "-ty", from French, is used to form abstract nouns that refer to the state of having a particular quality or sth. that has that quality.
e. g. certain + -ty —? certainty
Note: "-ity" is a variant form of "-ty".
3)Turn the following adjectives into nouns ending with "-ty" or "-ity" and then vice versa. Add more words to the list.
Adjective Noun Adjective Noun
able ability stupid stupidity
active activity capable capability
available availability creative creativity
certain certainty human humanity
cruel cruelty responsible responsibility
curious curiosity original originality
relative relativity possible possibility
probable probability
special specialty
visible visibility
4) Complete the sentence with the words in the brackets in their noun forms.
(1) construction (8) humanity
(2) Creativity (9) Poverty
(3) motivation (10) ignorance
(4) difference (11) sincerity
(5) investment (12) Politeness
(6) capabilities (13) Curiosity
(7) activity (14) shortness
2. Give words or expressions with similar meanings.
1) to freeze 10) to pick/to pull off
2) precious 11) exactly
3) soft 12) true/genuine/actual
4) low/soft/weak 13) foolish/stupid/unwise/dumb/brainless
5) to throw/to toss/to cast 14) to watch over/to look after/to control/to
6) big/gigantic/huge/large preside over/to manage/to direct/to guide
7) to cut/to cut short/to cut off/to destroy 15) to shake/to shiver/to quiver
8) ache/pain 16) to sob/to cry
9)area/field/patch/space/section/lot 17) miserable/unhappy/pitiful/unfortunate/
sorrowful/ broken-hearted
3. Complete the sentences with the expressions listed below in their proper forms .
1) blind with 2) pressed, against 3) For want of
4) in return 5) lingered on 6) compared to
7) was fond of, something of 8) Compared to 9) For want of
10) compared to 11) was blue with
4. Put the following into English.
1) to give/hold/have a ball 8) to press the doorbell
2) to give/hold/have/throw a party 9) to sacrifice/give/lay down one's life'
3) to give a press conference 10) to nip the buds
4) to bury the treasures 11) to pierce the heart
5) to bury/cover one's face in one's hands 12) to deny the fact
6) to pluck/pick the flowers 13) to deny the charge
7) to pay the price 14) to fill up the bottle
5. Complete the sentences with the following phrasal verbs of "go" in their proper
forms.
1) go ahead 2) go by 3) went off 4) going up
5) going on 6) went on with 7) gone over 8) going through
9) go into 10) go with, go together
6. Give the meanings of the underlined parts in the sentences below. Note how the meanings are different in different contexts.
1) 清了清（嗓子） 7）细胞
2) 放晴了 8）登机
3）清醒清醒（头脑） 9）董事（委员）会
4）还清（债务） 10）伙食
5）清楚地 11）木板
6）牢房
7. Give the sentence patterns of the underlined parts in the sentences below, and then using the patterns, rewrite the sentences that follow.
Sentence patterns: imperative + and + clause
imperative + or + clause
One possibility of the sentences;
1) Read Lu Xun and your mind will include a piece of his.
2) Drink tomato juice for some time and you will not be afraid of seeing blood.
3) Rest for a while and your headache will be gone.
4) Give Jimmy less money, or he will develop some bad habit.
5) Improve the quality of your product, or you will lose your market.
6) Punish these people severely, or illegal trade in wild life will never stop.
7) Take this opportunity, or you will live to regret it.
8) Stop polluting our rivers and lakes immediately, or we will be in deep trouble.
8. Put in the missing words.
(1) lives (2) noticed (3) but (4) or (5) heard
(6) to (7) plant (8) by (9) calmed (10) used
(11) dollars (12) seems (13) slower (14) shopping (15) weekends
(16) be (17) create (18) to
III. Grammar
1. Combine each pair of the sentences as shown in the example.
1) Xiao Fang is the smartest girl I've ever known.
2) This is the most fantastic story I've ever heard.
3) 15,000 yuan is the lowest price we can offer for this laptop.
4) Pearl Harbor is the best American film I've seen for quite a while.
5) Lin is the most easy-going professor I've ever met.
6) The storm last night was the worst I can remember.
7) I think Dialogue is the most thought-provoking talk show CCTV offers.
8) I think Mr. Cui is the wittiest talk show host you can find at the moment.
9) In the 1930s, nursing and teaching were the best jobs capable women could dream of.
10) These are the most delicious noodles we've had since a long time ago.
2. Complete the sentences by translating the -Chinese in the brackets Into English, using "all/everything etc. +a relative clause".
1) The doctors did all they could
2) I don't always agree with everything he says
3) anything they ask for
4) All he got from a week of hard work
5) All that is written in his wife's letter
6) Nothing the doctors said
7) anything you suggest
8) Something he read in a popular magazine
9) All that can be done is done
10) Anything the artist painted
11) something that never existed before
3. Put in the blanks proper modals listed below.
(1) can't (ability)
(2) must (obligation)
(3) mustn't (obligation)
(4) must (obligation) , had to (necessity)
(5) cannot (possibility), can (possibility)
(6) May (permission), can't (permission), might (possibility)
(7) can (possibility), must (obligation)
(8) can/may (possibility), must (subject certainty)
(9) might (possibility), have to (necessity), can't (possibility)
(10) could (possibility), could (possibility), might (possibility)
(11) must (necessity), can't (possibility), have to (necessity)
Note: According to the Ox ford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, the 2000 edition, there
isn't much difference between "must" and "have to" in American English. The latter is more common, especially in speech. In British English there is a difference between them. "Must" is used to talk about what the speaker or listener wants, and "have (got) to" about rules, laws and other people's wishes. There are no past or future forms of "must".
4. Put in proper prepositions.
1) through 2) over 3) like 4) As, like
5) through 6) Over/In/During, into 7) through 8) over
9) As, from, without, around. As, with, with, to
10) with, for, Besides/Apart from, at, at, between, of, on round/around
5. Identify and correct the mistake in each of the sentences.
1) Something (that) a witness said during the trial has been bothering me.
2) Many parents mistakenly believe that the more toys children have, the more creative they will be.
3) A house without a book is like a room without a window.
4) He was 50 glad to see his old friend that tears ran down his cheeks.
5) People believe that tomorrow's car will be bigger, faster, and more comfortable than before.
6) Both on land and at sea, helicopters have rescued many people.
7) Jim is intelligent, but not as hard-working as his sister.
8) The most humorous person (that) I've ever met is my teacher of Chinese.
9) I don't believe an old man of 80 could be so strong as to knock down a door.
10) All that the people want are lasting peace and social progress.