作业帮哪位高手能帮忙翻译这篇英文文献?急,在线等~
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/07/06 04:16:44
哪位高手能帮忙翻译这篇英文文献?急,在线等~
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communications network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets,these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees swarming around a hive. The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt,appropriate,effective and self-limiting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or non-self molecules,the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the invaders.Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body’s immune defenses do not bormally attack tissues that carry a self marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally finctioning immune system attacks a non-self molecule,the system has the ability to remember the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules,the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies passed during lactation,this so-called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must learn from experience with the many millions of distinctive non-self molecules in the sea of microbes in which we live. Learning neccessitates producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each non-self invader.
Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen. Tissues or cells from another individual(except an identical twin,whose cells carry identical self-markers)act as antigens;because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign,it rejects them.the body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary,non-antigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes,which stick out from its surface. Most antigens,even the simplest microbes,carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface.,some may even carry several hundred. Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as non-self and execute a misdirected immune attack. The result can be ao-called autoimmune disease. The painful side effects of these disease are caused by a person’s immune system actually attacking itself.
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communications network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets,these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees swarming around a hive. The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt,appropriate,effective and self-limiting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or non-self molecules,the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the invaders.Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body’s immune defenses do not bormally attack tissues that carry a self marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally finctioning immune system attacks a non-self molecule,the system has the ability to remember the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules,the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies passed during lactation,this so-called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must learn from experience with the many millions of distinctive non-self molecules in the sea of microbes in which we live. Learning neccessitates producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each non-self invader.
Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen. Tissues or cells from another individual(except an identical twin,whose cells carry identical self-markers)act as antigens;because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign,it rejects them.the body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary,non-antigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes,which stick out from its surface. Most antigens,even the simplest microbes,carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface.,some may even carry several hundred. Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as non-self and execute a misdirected immune attack. The result can be ao-called autoimmune disease. The painful side effects of these disease are caused by a person’s immune system actually attacking itself.
亲爱的楼主,我牺牲大把时间,帮你完成了任务：）
免疫系统的复杂性等同于大脑与神经系统的结合错综性.免疫系统对身体的保护作用依赖于亿万细胞动态的和调整性的通讯网络.这些细胞被组织成集和子集,就像群蜂拥集在蜂巢周围一样传达和接收信息.这样就形成了一个相互制衡的敏感系统,以生成即时,适当,有效和自我限制的免疫反应.
免疫系统的核心是能够辨别同类和异类.当免疫防卫遇到异质性的或异类的细胞或有机体时,免疫群就会迅速采取行动以消除这些侵入者.实际上,每个体内细胞都携带着能够辨别同类的这种独特的分子.身体的免疫防卫通常不会攻击携带同类标记的组织.取而代之的是,免疫细胞和其它体内细胞以一种自我抗原不反应的方式和平共存着.当一个正常机制的免疫系统攻击一个异类的分子时,系统能够记忆其异体的细节.当其以后再遇到相同的分子种类时,免疫系统便会因此做出反应.当然,这并不包括抗体在哺乳期间,所谓的免疫系统记忆体被遗传下来.就算你的家族里含有病毒,你的免疫系统也必须要从数百万的独特的异类分子中获得经验和能力,而这些分子就存在于我们置身的茫茫的细菌中.学习经历使其有必要产生适当的分子和细胞,以调协并中和每一个异类的侵入者.
任何能够刺激免疫反应的物体都被叫做抗原.异体身上的组织和细胞（除了同卵双胞胎,因为他们的细胞带有相同的同类标记）都是抗原；因为免疫系统认为移植的组织是异质性的,从而抵制它们.身体甚至还会抵制营养蛋白质,除非它们首先被消化系统解体到他们最初的,不产抗原的基本单位.一个抗原的异质性是通过一种错综的和特有的形态被证实的,这种形态叫做抗原决定基.抗原决定基在抗原表面是凸出的.大多数抗原,就连最简单的细菌,其表面都带有许多各种各样的抗原决定基.有些表面甚至有几百个.有些抗原决定基在刺激免疫系统上要比其它的更有效力.只有在异常情况下,免疫系统才会错误地将同类识别为异类,并执行误导的免疫攻击.这样产生的结果就是自身免疫性疾病.这些疾病的疼痛的副作用的产生,就源于一个人的免疫系统实际上在攻击自身.
（楼主,原文有一些小错误：
1.bormally 应为normally
2.finctioning应为functioning
3.neccessitates应为：necessitates
4.ao-called 应为so-called）
免疫系统的复杂性等同于大脑与神经系统的结合错综性.免疫系统对身体的保护作用依赖于亿万细胞动态的和调整性的通讯网络.这些细胞被组织成集和子集,就像群蜂拥集在蜂巢周围一样传达和接收信息.这样就形成了一个相互制衡的敏感系统,以生成即时,适当,有效和自我限制的免疫反应.
免疫系统的核心是能够辨别同类和异类.当免疫防卫遇到异质性的或异类的细胞或有机体时,免疫群就会迅速采取行动以消除这些侵入者.实际上,每个体内细胞都携带着能够辨别同类的这种独特的分子.身体的免疫防卫通常不会攻击携带同类标记的组织.取而代之的是,免疫细胞和其它体内细胞以一种自我抗原不反应的方式和平共存着.当一个正常机制的免疫系统攻击一个异类的分子时,系统能够记忆其异体的细节.当其以后再遇到相同的分子种类时,免疫系统便会因此做出反应.当然,这并不包括抗体在哺乳期间,所谓的免疫系统记忆体被遗传下来.就算你的家族里含有病毒,你的免疫系统也必须要从数百万的独特的异类分子中获得经验和能力,而这些分子就存在于我们置身的茫茫的细菌中.学习经历使其有必要产生适当的分子和细胞,以调协并中和每一个异类的侵入者.
任何能够刺激免疫反应的物体都被叫做抗原.异体身上的组织和细胞（除了同卵双胞胎,因为他们的细胞带有相同的同类标记）都是抗原；因为免疫系统认为移植的组织是异质性的,从而抵制它们.身体甚至还会抵制营养蛋白质,除非它们首先被消化系统解体到他们最初的,不产抗原的基本单位.一个抗原的异质性是通过一种错综的和特有的形态被证实的,这种形态叫做抗原决定基.抗原决定基在抗原表面是凸出的.大多数抗原,就连最简单的细菌,其表面都带有许多各种各样的抗原决定基.有些表面甚至有几百个.有些抗原决定基在刺激免疫系统上要比其它的更有效力.只有在异常情况下,免疫系统才会错误地将同类识别为异类,并执行误导的免疫攻击.这样产生的结果就是自身免疫性疾病.这些疾病的疼痛的副作用的产生,就源于一个人的免疫系统实际上在攻击自身.
（楼主,原文有一些小错误：
1.bormally 应为normally
2.finctioning应为functioning
3.neccessitates应为：necessitates
4.ao-called 应为so-called）