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英语语法(初中英语代词方面问题)

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英语语法(初中英语代词方面问题)
我对反身代词.疑问代词.指示代词还不能很好的理解,知道大概,具体运用起来还存在困难,概念等能算个一知半解,希望能帮我总结一下语言,更好理解,并且易懂,最好举例说明一下
反身代词释义
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词.它的基本含义是:通过反身代词指代主语,使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己.因此,反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性、数上保持一致.
如:
(1)A marked bee fed itself from the dish and returned to the hive.
一只做了标记的蜜蜂从盘中喂饱自己以后就飞回蜂箱了(itself 与 bee 在人称、性质、数上保持一致)
(2)In 1955 Walt Disney himself opened the first Disney park.
1955年,沃尔特.迪斯尼亲自创办了第一个迪斯尼公园.(himself 与 Walt Disney 在人称、性质、数上保持一致)
反身代词和人称代词作宾语时具有不同的含义.
如:
(3)He saw himself in the mirror.
他在镜子里看见了他自己.(himself 和 he 为同一人)
(4)He saw him in the mirror.
他在镜子里看见了他.(him 显然指另外一人)
[编辑本段]常见的反身代词列表:
I--myself you-- yourself your-- yourselves she--herself he
himself
we they it one
ourselves themselves itself oneself
[编辑本段]用法
1)做宾语
a. 有些动词需有反身代词
absent, bath, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心.
Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼.
b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词
take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.
I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己.
注:有些动词后不跟反身代词, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等.
Please sit down. 请坐.
2) 作表语; 同位语
be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服.
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要.
3) 在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可.如:
No one but myself (me) is hurt.
[编辑本段]注意:
a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语.
(错) Myself drove the car.
(对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车.
b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语.
Charles and myself saw it.
5)第二人称作宾语,要用反身代词.
You should be proud of yourself. 你应为自己感到骄傲.
myself-第一人称单数,我自己
ourselves-第一人称复数,我们自己
yourself-第二人称单数,你自己
yourselves-第二人称复数,你们自己
himself/herself/itself-第三人称单数,他/她/它自己
1) 列表
数 单数 复数
人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一 人称 第二人称 第三人称
人称代词 I you he/she/it we you they
反身代词 myself yourself yourself/herself/himself ourselves yourselves themselves
另外:one的反身代词为oneself
2)做宾语
a. 有些动词需有反身代词,如absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave等.例如:
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心.
Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼.
b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词,如take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth等.例如:
I could not dress(myself)up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己.
注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,如:get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等.例如:
Please sit down. 请坐.
3) 用作表语,如结构be oneself.例如:
I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服.
4) 用作同位语
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要.
5) 在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可.如:No one but myself(me)is hurt.
注意:
a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语.
(错) Myself drove the car.
(对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车.
b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语.例如:
Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我看见了这件事.
D.反身代词
定义 人称代词的宾格或所有格词尾加“-self,-selves”的代词称为反身代词(Reflexive Pronoun),亦称复合人称代词(Compound Personal Pronoun).
反身代词的用法
(1)反身用法:及物动词的宾语即为主语本身的用法叫作反身用法.
例A:The old man killed himself last night.
(那个老人昨夜自杀了.)
例B:We enjoyed ourselves very much at the party last night.
(昨夜我们在宴会中过得很愉快.)
例C:Help yourselves,please.
(请各位不要客气.)
解说 如各例句所示,各反身代词都是指其主语本身.这种用法有些已成为惯用表达法(例B),例如:
例:He absented himself from school this morning.
(他今天早晨缺席,没有到学校.)
例:She seated herself by the window.
(她拣了窗边的一个座位坐下来.)
例:I was late this morning because I overslept myself.
(今天早晨我迟到是因为我睡过头了.)
例:Don't overeat yourself,or you'll get sick.
(不要暴食,否则你会生病的)
例:They dressed themselves up quickly and left the house.
(他们匆匆地穿好衣服后就出去了.)
(2)作介词的宾语用:也是属于反身用法.
例A:The door opened of itself.
(门自动地开了.)
例B:I like to travel by myself.
(我喜欢独自旅行.)
例C:She was beside herself with grief.
(她悲伤过度,神经失常了.)
解说 例A的“of itself”是表示无外力干予,即“自动”的意思.例B的“by myself”是表示无外人参加,即“独自”的意思.例C的“beside herself”是表示脱离她本来的自我,即“失常,发疯”的意思.
(3)表达强调
例:I myself heard him say so yesterday.
(我昨天亲自听他这么说的.)
例:she did it herself.(=She herself did it.)
(她自己做的.)
例:The story itself is not interesting.
(故事本身并不令人感到有趣
疑问代词
1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句.疑问代词有下列几个:
指 人: who, whom, whose
指 物: what
既可指人又可指物: which
2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化.what, which, whose还可作限定词.试比较:
疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk?
桌上的书是谁的?
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?
美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?
限定词: Whose books are these on the desk?
桌上的书是谁的?
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?
说明1:
无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同.what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如:
Which girls do you like best?
你喜欢哪几个姑娘?
What girls do you like best?
你喜欢什么样的姑娘?
说明2:
Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词 后,不能用who取代.)
说明3:
疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如:
For what do most people live and work?
大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)
What are you looking for?
你在找什么?(现代英语)
说明4:
疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:
I can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在.
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同.