作业帮仁爱英语初一到初三的所有语法、词组、动词短语等等,如果好的话在大幅度提高悬赏
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/07/03 14:54:37
仁爱英语初一到初三的所有语法、词组、动词短语等等,如果好的话在大幅度提高悬赏
定语从句
【考点扫描】
中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1．定语从句的功用和结构
2．关系代词和关系副词的功用
3．各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子.阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句.
【名师精讲】
一. 定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词.定语从句必须放在先行词之后.引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词.例如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
I still remember the night when I first came to the village?
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来.关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分.关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语.
1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致.例如：
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
2. 作宾语：
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
3. 作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用.例如：
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
4. 作状语
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where I was born.
三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语.例如：
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语.例如：
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语.例如：
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语.例如：
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语.例如：
I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语.例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语.例如：
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
四. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room
which we had lived in for ten years.
五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时.例如：
All that he said is true.
(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时.例如：
He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例如：
He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如：
He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况：
(1) 在非限制性定语从中.例如：
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.例如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
——动词的四种形式
A、动三单的变法
1) “辅+y”结尾, 变y为i加es
2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o结尾, 加es
3)直接加s
但have----has
B、现在分词的变法
1)去e加ing (e不发音)
2)双写加ing (“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外)
3)直接加ing
写出下列动词的现在分词
1.see_______2.come ________3.stop_______
4.open _______5.listen_______6.drop ______
7.prefer________8.fix_______ 9.relax ______
10.die _______11.tie _______12.lie _______
C、动词的过去式和过去分词
（一）不规则变化（见课本不规则变化表P255）
（二）规则变化
1) “辅+y”结尾,变y为i加ed
2)双写加ed
3)直接加ed
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
1.drop ______ _______2.stop ______ ______
3.prefer ________ _________
4.study ______ ______5.try ______ ____
6.fix _____ ______ 7.relax ______ ______
——宾语从句与状语从句中的时态
1.状语从句中的时态：
主句时间、条件句
1）一般将来时 2）祈使句 3）情态动词原形一般现在时
一般过去时一般过去时
eg.1)I’ll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.
2)He won’t go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.
3)I’ll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow
2.宾语从句中的时态：
主句宾语从句
一般现在时一切时态
一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）
但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时,则只能用一般现在时.
eg.1)He said his father _________(come) back in two days.
2)The teacher said light ________(travel) faster than sound.
被 动 语 态
英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种.主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者.
eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句).
A knife is used for cutting (被动句).
一、构成：be + 过去分词
eg. 1)The work is finished by him.
2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.
二、被动语态的时态
1.一般现在时：am/ is/ are + 过去分词
eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.
2.一般过去时：was/ were + 过去分词
eg. The machines were made in China.
3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词
eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.
4.现在完成时：have/ has been + 过去分词
eg. The work has been done by them.
5.现在进行时：am/ is/ are being + 过去分词.
eg. A new school is being built in our village.
6.过去进行时：was/ were being + 过去分词
eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.
综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）
另外注意以下几点：
1.含情态动词的被动语态：
can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词
eg. He may be sent away from school.
2.带动词不定式的被动语态
eg. My bike needs to be mended.
3.在使用被动语态时,如需要指出动作执行者时,应用“by + 动作的执行者(宾格)”
eg. He was called Mike by us
4.不及物动词无被动语态（take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等）
eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改错) _________
5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时,在改作被动语态之后,应将省去的to还原.
eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.
→The workers were made to work 12 hours.
6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v + prep / adv构成,变被动语态时,不能将这些介词、副词遗漏.
eg. We must take care of the baby.
→The baby must be taken care of.
状语从句
（一）时间状语从句：由when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till / until引导的从句
1）when与while
eg.1)I’ll tell her the good news _____he comes back.
2)Aunt Wang came in while we were watching TV
3)since:自从……以来(since从句常用一般过去时)
注意主句通常用现在完成时,但当主句表示一种状态,用一般现在时
eg.1)He has lived there since he came to China
2)It is two years since her mother died.
（二）条件状语从句：由if (如果)引导的从句
eg.I will go to the park if it ________ (not rain) tomorrow.
注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换
1）祈使句,and (then , or)+简单句
= If you … , you …
eg.1)Use your head, then you’ll find a way.
=If you use your head, you’ll find a way
2)Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
=If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.
2)without与条件句的转化
eg. Man can’t live without water.
=Man can’t live if there is no water.
注意以上两种状语从句的时态
主句时间、条件句
1）一般将来时 2）祈使句 3）情态动词原形一般现在时
一般过去时一般过去时
但since从句例外,应与现在完成时连用.
eg.1)I’ll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.
2)He won’t go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.
3)I’ll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow
4)I ___________ (live) here since I came to China.
（三）原因状语从句：由because, since , for , as引导的从句
eg. He didn’t go to school because he was ill.
注意：1)对because引导的从句提问用why
2)因为(because), 所以(so)不能连用
eg. Because he was (A) ill, so (B) he didn’t (C) go to school (D) yesterday. ________
（四）结果状语从句：由so… that引导的从句（so后接形、副原级）
eg. He ran (A) so faster (B) that I couldn’t catch up with (C) him. ________
注意：1) “so… that +否定句”与“too… to”的替换
eg.1)He is so young that he can’t go to school.
= He is too young to go to school(主、从句主语相同)
2)He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him.
= He ran too fast for us to catch up with. (主、从句主语不同)
3)The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it
= The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)
2）“so… that +从句”与“enough to”的替换
eg.1)He’s so strong that he can carry the box.
= He’s strong enough to carry the box.
2)The question is so easy that I can answer it
=The question is easy enough for me to answer
有些动词后接宾语时,既可接不定式,又可接动名词,但有区别.如
1. like to do “喜欢做某事”,指一次性动作.如 I like to swim in this river now.
like doing “喜欢做某事”,指习惯性动作.如 I like swimming.
类似的还有：dislike to do / doing (“不喜欢做某事”), hate to do / doing (“讨厌做某事”),
love to do / doing (“热爱做某事”), prefer to do / doing (“更喜欢做某事”).
2. remember to do “记得要去做某事” 如 She remembered to see her parents the next day.
remember doing “记得做过某事” 如 I remembered meeting her yesterday.
3. forget to do “忘了要去做某事” 如 They always forget to have lunch when they are busy.
forget doing “忘了做过某事” 如 I forgot phoning Tom, so I phoned him the second time.
4. try to do “试图(尽力)做某事” 如 He tried to catch the early bus and he got on it at last.
try doing “试图(试着)做某事” 如 I tried getting on well with the new students.
5. mean to do “打算做某事” 如 Jack meant to help others.
mean doing “意味着做某事” 如 Drinking means wasting your life.
6. need to do “需要做某事” (主语必须是人) 如 We need to have a rest.
need doing “需要做某事”(主语必须是物) 如 The bike needs mending. ( = The bike needs to be mended)
7. want to do “想要做某事” (主语必须是人) 如 We want to have a rest.
want doing “想要做某事”(主语必须是物) 如 The bike wants mending. ( = The bike wants to be mended)
8. begin to do与begin doing 都译作“开始做某事”,二者可以混用.但是begin doing更强调动作不但开始,而且一直持续下去.如 The baby began crying hard.
而在下类情况下只用begin to do, 不用begin doing：
○1当主语是物时.如 It began to snow.
○2当begin用进行时的时候.如 The train is beginning to leave.
○3当begin后接表示心理活动的动词(如think, understand, know)时.如 She began to understand her parents.
注：begin的用法完全适用于start.
9. go on to do “继续做某事”,指做不同的事.
如 After reading English, she went on to learn math.
go on doing “继续做某事”,指做同一件事,相当于_go on with sth .
如 When I was writing a letter, someone knocked at the door. I opened the door and then went on writing the letter (= …went on with the letter).
10. continue to do “继续做某事”,指做不同的事.
如 After reading English, she continued to learn math.
continue doing “继续做某事”,指做同一件事.
如 When I was writing a letter, someone knocked the door. I opened the door and then continued writing the letter.
11. be used to do “被用来做某事” 如 Dictionaries are used to look up words.
be used to doing “习惯于做某事” 如 He is used to exercising in the morning.
形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则
A、规则变化
1.“辅 + y”结尾,变y为i加er , est
(但“形 + ly ”构成的副词除外)
2.双写加er , est
3.直接加 er , est / r, st
4.在多音词前加more , most (以“形 + ly ”构成的副词也在前加more , most)
B、不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good/wellbetterbest
many/muchmoremost
bad/ill/badlyworseworst
littlelessleast
oldolder/elderoldest/eldest
farfarther
furtherfarthest
furthest
另外：
1)以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple结尾的双音节词加er, est / r, st.
narrow ________ ________
simple _________ _________
able _______ _______
2)tired__________ __________
pleased ___________ ____________
3) often ________________ _____________
friendly_______________ ____________
4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the).
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________
5)形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语：ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
副词作状语,修饰动词.
【考点扫描】
中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1．定语从句的功用和结构
2．关系代词和关系副词的功用
3．各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子.阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句.
【名师精讲】
一. 定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词.定语从句必须放在先行词之后.引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词.例如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
I still remember the night when I first came to the village?
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来.关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分.关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语.
1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致.例如：
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
2. 作宾语：
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
3. 作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用.例如：
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
4. 作状语
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where I was born.
三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语.例如：
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语.例如：
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?
Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语.例如：
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语.例如：
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
5. that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语.例如：
I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语.例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语.例如：
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
四. 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room
which we had lived in for ten years.
五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时.例如：
All that he said is true.
(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时.例如：
He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例如：
He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如：
He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
2. 只能用which,不用that 的情况：
(1) 在非限制性定语从中.例如：
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.例如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
——动词的四种形式
A、动三单的变法
1) “辅+y”结尾, 变y为i加es
2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o结尾, 加es
3)直接加s
但have----has
B、现在分词的变法
1)去e加ing (e不发音)
2)双写加ing (“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外)
3)直接加ing
写出下列动词的现在分词
1.see_______2.come ________3.stop_______
4.open _______5.listen_______6.drop ______
7.prefer________8.fix_______ 9.relax ______
10.die _______11.tie _______12.lie _______
C、动词的过去式和过去分词
（一）不规则变化（见课本不规则变化表P255）
（二）规则变化
1) “辅+y”结尾,变y为i加ed
2)双写加ed
3)直接加ed
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
1.drop ______ _______2.stop ______ ______
3.prefer ________ _________
4.study ______ ______5.try ______ ____
6.fix _____ ______ 7.relax ______ ______
——宾语从句与状语从句中的时态
1.状语从句中的时态：
主句时间、条件句
1）一般将来时 2）祈使句 3）情态动词原形一般现在时
一般过去时一般过去时
eg.1)I’ll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.
2)He won’t go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.
3)I’ll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow
2.宾语从句中的时态：
主句宾语从句
一般现在时一切时态
一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）
但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时,则只能用一般现在时.
eg.1)He said his father _________(come) back in two days.
2)The teacher said light ________(travel) faster than sound.
被 动 语 态
英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种.主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者.
eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句).
A knife is used for cutting (被动句).
一、构成：be + 过去分词
eg. 1)The work is finished by him.
2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.
二、被动语态的时态
1.一般现在时：am/ is/ are + 过去分词
eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.
2.一般过去时：was/ were + 过去分词
eg. The machines were made in China.
3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词
eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.
4.现在完成时：have/ has been + 过去分词
eg. The work has been done by them.
5.现在进行时：am/ is/ are being + 过去分词.
eg. A new school is being built in our village.
6.过去进行时：was/ were being + 过去分词
eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.
综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）
另外注意以下几点：
1.含情态动词的被动语态：
can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词
eg. He may be sent away from school.
2.带动词不定式的被动语态
eg. My bike needs to be mended.
3.在使用被动语态时,如需要指出动作执行者时,应用“by + 动作的执行者(宾格)”
eg. He was called Mike by us
4.不及物动词无被动语态（take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等）
eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改错) _________
5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时,在改作被动语态之后,应将省去的to还原.
eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.
→The workers were made to work 12 hours.
6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v + prep / adv构成,变被动语态时,不能将这些介词、副词遗漏.
eg. We must take care of the baby.
→The baby must be taken care of.
状语从句
（一）时间状语从句：由when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till / until引导的从句
1）when与while
eg.1)I’ll tell her the good news _____he comes back.
2)Aunt Wang came in while we were watching TV
3)since:自从……以来(since从句常用一般过去时)
注意主句通常用现在完成时,但当主句表示一种状态,用一般现在时
eg.1)He has lived there since he came to China
2)It is two years since her mother died.
（二）条件状语从句：由if (如果)引导的从句
eg.I will go to the park if it ________ (not rain) tomorrow.
注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换
1）祈使句,and (then , or)+简单句
= If you … , you …
eg.1)Use your head, then you’ll find a way.
=If you use your head, you’ll find a way
2)Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
=If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.
2)without与条件句的转化
eg. Man can’t live without water.
=Man can’t live if there is no water.
注意以上两种状语从句的时态
主句时间、条件句
1）一般将来时 2）祈使句 3）情态动词原形一般现在时
一般过去时一般过去时
但since从句例外,应与现在完成时连用.
eg.1)I’ll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.
2)He won’t go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.
3)I’ll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow
4)I ___________ (live) here since I came to China.
（三）原因状语从句：由because, since , for , as引导的从句
eg. He didn’t go to school because he was ill.
注意：1)对because引导的从句提问用why
2)因为(because), 所以(so)不能连用
eg. Because he was (A) ill, so (B) he didn’t (C) go to school (D) yesterday. ________
（四）结果状语从句：由so… that引导的从句（so后接形、副原级）
eg. He ran (A) so faster (B) that I couldn’t catch up with (C) him. ________
注意：1) “so… that +否定句”与“too… to”的替换
eg.1)He is so young that he can’t go to school.
= He is too young to go to school(主、从句主语相同)
2)He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him.
= He ran too fast for us to catch up with. (主、从句主语不同)
3)The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it
= The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)
2）“so… that +从句”与“enough to”的替换
eg.1)He’s so strong that he can carry the box.
= He’s strong enough to carry the box.
2)The question is so easy that I can answer it
=The question is easy enough for me to answer
有些动词后接宾语时,既可接不定式,又可接动名词,但有区别.如
1. like to do “喜欢做某事”,指一次性动作.如 I like to swim in this river now.
like doing “喜欢做某事”,指习惯性动作.如 I like swimming.
类似的还有：dislike to do / doing (“不喜欢做某事”), hate to do / doing (“讨厌做某事”),
love to do / doing (“热爱做某事”), prefer to do / doing (“更喜欢做某事”).
2. remember to do “记得要去做某事” 如 She remembered to see her parents the next day.
remember doing “记得做过某事” 如 I remembered meeting her yesterday.
3. forget to do “忘了要去做某事” 如 They always forget to have lunch when they are busy.
forget doing “忘了做过某事” 如 I forgot phoning Tom, so I phoned him the second time.
4. try to do “试图(尽力)做某事” 如 He tried to catch the early bus and he got on it at last.
try doing “试图(试着)做某事” 如 I tried getting on well with the new students.
5. mean to do “打算做某事” 如 Jack meant to help others.
mean doing “意味着做某事” 如 Drinking means wasting your life.
6. need to do “需要做某事” (主语必须是人) 如 We need to have a rest.
need doing “需要做某事”(主语必须是物) 如 The bike needs mending. ( = The bike needs to be mended)
7. want to do “想要做某事” (主语必须是人) 如 We want to have a rest.
want doing “想要做某事”(主语必须是物) 如 The bike wants mending. ( = The bike wants to be mended)
8. begin to do与begin doing 都译作“开始做某事”,二者可以混用.但是begin doing更强调动作不但开始,而且一直持续下去.如 The baby began crying hard.
而在下类情况下只用begin to do, 不用begin doing：
○1当主语是物时.如 It began to snow.
○2当begin用进行时的时候.如 The train is beginning to leave.
○3当begin后接表示心理活动的动词(如think, understand, know)时.如 She began to understand her parents.
注：begin的用法完全适用于start.
9. go on to do “继续做某事”,指做不同的事.
如 After reading English, she went on to learn math.
go on doing “继续做某事”,指做同一件事,相当于_go on with sth .
如 When I was writing a letter, someone knocked at the door. I opened the door and then went on writing the letter (= …went on with the letter).
10. continue to do “继续做某事”,指做不同的事.
如 After reading English, she continued to learn math.
continue doing “继续做某事”,指做同一件事.
如 When I was writing a letter, someone knocked the door. I opened the door and then continued writing the letter.
11. be used to do “被用来做某事” 如 Dictionaries are used to look up words.
be used to doing “习惯于做某事” 如 He is used to exercising in the morning.
形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则
A、规则变化
1.“辅 + y”结尾,变y为i加er , est
(但“形 + ly ”构成的副词除外)
2.双写加er , est
3.直接加 er , est / r, st
4.在多音词前加more , most (以“形 + ly ”构成的副词也在前加more , most)
B、不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good/wellbetterbest
many/muchmoremost
bad/ill/badlyworseworst
littlelessleast
oldolder/elderoldest/eldest
farfarther
furtherfarthest
furthest
另外：
1)以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple结尾的双音节词加er, est / r, st.
narrow ________ ________
simple _________ _________
able _______ _______
2)tired__________ __________
pleased ___________ ____________
3) often ________________ _____________
friendly_______________ ____________
4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the).
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________
5)形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语：ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
副词作状语,修饰动词.
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