英语翻译千万别拿翻译器 糊弄啊 Studying whole-body movements encountered in

英语翻译
千万别拿翻译器 糊弄啊
Studying whole-body movements encountered in daily living such as walking,turning and rising is often difficult
because it is unclear how the control of these complex movements is accomplished by the nervous system.One
way researchers have attempted to understand such intricate movements is to vary the speed or difficulty of the
movement.Variable(s) that remain relatively stable across the changing task conditions are then assumed to be what the
nervous system is controlling during the coordination of the movement,e.g.[1].Other researchers analyze how different outcome variables such as the reaction time of muscle activities associate with each other,e.g.[2].We are
interested in yet another way to understand motor control—not within a movement,but across different movements.By simultaneously analyzing the covariance structure among the dependent variables of various movements,we might gain some insights into the commonality of the different movements.These commonalities can provide clues about how different aspects of each movement are coordinated in a similar way.
In this study,we applied such an analytical method to the Functional Limitations test of the NeuroCom International
Inc.’s objective assessment protocol [3].In the protocol,anindividual performs a series of activities including walking,
turning,lunging and stepping over a curb.Poor performance in any of the test item may be used to predict the functional consequences of activities that are similar to the movements in the test.For example,poor execution of the Step-Up-and-Over test would be indicative of difficulties in maneuvering curbs or stairs in the real world.Although the test items appear to be assessing different movement functions,this assumption has not been verified.It is possible that similar components of motor skills are being evaluated across the test items.Some of these skills may be modules of what are thought to be the basic elements of motor control such as force control,timing,sequencing [4,5] or muscle synergies[6],whereas other constructs could be more complex and are task-dependent [7–9].In these cases,the common feature of the dimension represents the measurement of more complex patterns of motor control or coordination,such as turning,agility,control of body sway or weight transfer.Identifying the latent variables of the test items in healthy individuals would provide the baseline information necessary to better understand the common features of motor skills that are being tested in individuals with movement limitations.Understanding the redundancies across the tests may also possibly reduce the number of items that needs to be tested.
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研究日常生活中的全身性运动——比如行走、转身和起立——很困难,因为人们不清楚神经系统如何控制这些复杂的运动.研究者尝试过的一个方法是改变运动的速度或难度,并认为在改变的条件下运动过程中保持不变的量就是运动协调过程中神经系统所控制的部分,比如文献1.另一些研究者分析像肌肉活动响应时间这样产生不同结果的量之间如何进行合作,比如文献2.我们则希望利用第三种方法来理解运动控制,不是在一种运动中,而是在不同运动之间.通过同时分析不同运动的非独立变量之间的协方差结构,可能会有助于搞清不同运动的共性,这些共性则可以提供线索,阐明每种运动不同侧面如何以一种相似的方式进行合作.
本研究中,我们用这种分析方法考察了Neurocom International Inc.客观评价程序的功能障碍测试（文献3）.在该程序中,个体进行一系列活动,包括行走、转身、跳跃和跨过路缘.任何一个测试项目的低分可以用于预测此测试中类似运动的功能性结果.比如,在“向上跨,向前跨”测试中表现较差的个体,在现实世界中可能会在跨越路缘或楼梯时碰到困难.尽管测试项目似乎在评价不同的运动功能,但此假设尚未得到验证.有可能在测试项目中对运动技巧的相同组分进行评价.也许某些技巧是运动控制基本元素——如力的控制,时间感觉,顺序感觉（文献4,5）和肌肉协调（文献6）——的组成模块,而另一些则更复杂且依赖于所执行的任务（文献7-9）.在这些案例中,维度的一般特征可以用来量度更复杂的运动控制或协调型式——如转身、敏捷、躯体摇摆或重心转移.确定健康个体中测试项目的潜在变量,可能会提供基础性的信息,来更好地理解运动障碍者测试中运动技巧的共同特征.当知道测试中哪些是多余的,就可以减少需要进行的测试项目.