英语翻译古埃及的艺术正是为了永恒的来世,为了死者的生命继续存在而创作,有着严格的程序和造型法则.在雕刻艺术方面,古埃及人

英语翻译
古埃及的艺术正是为了永恒的来世,为了死者的生命继续存在而创作,有着严格的程序和造型法则.
在雕刻艺术方面,古埃及人遵循“正面律”法则,人物雕像的头部和躯干都必须保持垂直,其面部、双肩和胸部必须是正面展示.古埃及人的雕像不但要面貌与真人相似,而且要有与人物身份、社会地位适应的特殊标准.根据人物身体不同部分和性别差异,雕像被涂以不同的颜色.早在前王朝时期（约公元前4500—前3100年）,供作雕刻的材料有石头、骨头、象牙以及粘土等；进入法老时代后,以石头为主要原料,另外还有金属和木材等等.古埃及时期的雕刻以古拙、形象逼真为特点.例如,在吉萨第4王朝（约公元前2613—前2498年）法老哈夫拉金字塔附属的祭庙中,发现了一批哈夫拉雕像,其中一尊较为完整,表现哈夫拉端坐于宝座之上,双手放在膝上,两眼平视,目空一切,头后面有鹰神荷鲁斯,正张开双翼保护着法老.这座雕像是用一整块闪长岩雕刻而成,朴实无华,被认为是古王国时期雕像的最高典范.到了法老孟考拉统治时期,雕刻愈益精致,栩栩如生.古埃及时期最主要的艺术成就体现在巨大、宏伟的皇陵建筑上,其中最典型的就是古埃及法老的陵墓——图特卡门面具金字塔.这里拥有埃及最著名的三座金字塔：胡夫金字塔、哈夫拉金字塔和门考拉金字塔,其中最高大的胡夫金字塔被称为“世界七大奇迹”之一.在古代埃及,狮子是战神的化身,也是力量的象征,把法老哈夫拉的身体雕刻成狮子,用人和兽的混合体代表最高统治者的权威,这是埃及人的创造.所以法老把自己的形象与它的形象混合起来,是为了夸耀神秘的威力,使自己成为万民崇拜的偶像.狮身人面像数千年来孤傲地卧伏在古埃及那广袤的沙漠上,守卫着法老们的陵墓,历尽了人间的沧桑.
古代埃及的雕刻艺术,经历了古王国、中王国和新王国等发展阶段,3000年间始终保持着它的主要特征.自古王国时期确定其基本法则后,雕刻艺术经过中王国时期的发展,到新王国时期达到了前所未有的繁荣,从新王国末期开始,逐渐趋于衰落.希腊、罗马统治埃及时代,面临外来文化的冲击和渗入,具有悠久传统的埃及艺术并未因此而泯灭,古老的埃及艺术仍以其独特的民族风格影响着希腊、罗马艺术的发展.

The ancient Egyptian art to eternal life to the afterlife,and continue to exist and creation,and has strict rules of procedure and modelling.
The ancient Egyptian art,"positive" law of law,figures of the head and torso must remain vertical,the face,must shoulder and chest is positive.The ancient egyptians statue should not only with the real appearance,and have similar characters and identity,social status,adapt to the specific standard.According to figures from different parts of the body and gender differences,the statue had been coated with a different color.As early as in the former dynasty (about 45-31 years before BC),for the materials have carved stone,bones,and the ivory and clay,etc.After a time,into pharaoh with stones as main raw materials,metal and wood,also etc.In the period of ancient Egypt GuZhuo,image lifelike carving.For example,in the fourth dynasty (about 2613 BC - before pharaoh 2498 years),the pyramid hough in the temple,offering found a group of hough pull statue,which a relatively complete hough pull up,on the throne above the knees,hands,eyes,too low,head back to god,is unloading ruthven eagle wings to protect the pharaoh.The statue is a piece of shem long rock with carved,unpretentious,is believed to be the ancient kingdoms period.The highest statue,To pharaoh meng,addressing koala,lifelike carving delicate.In ancient Egypt,the artistic achievement mainly embodied in the great and magnificent buildings in Christ,of which the most typical is the ancient Egyptian pharaoh's mausoleum - maps Carmen mask pyramid.Here is the most famous with three pyramids in Egypt:and ahab his khufu pyramid pyramids and door koala pyramid,the great pyramid of khufu among the highest called "is one of the seven wonders of the world".In ancient Egypt,the lion is the embodiment of Mars,but also the symbol of power,the body of pharaoh hough carved lions,the employer and the beasts of the mixture of authoritative representatives supreme ruler of Egypt,which was created.So pharaoh,his image and its image,is mixed to boast of mysterious power,make oneself become the idol of nations.The great sphinx to thousands of years WoFu aloof in ancient Egypt the vast desert,guarding the pharaohs tomb,through the vicissitudes of the earth.
The ancient Egyptian sculptures,experienced in ancient kingdoms,and the new development stage,the kingdom of 3000 years always keeps its main features.Ancient kingdoms period after its basic principle,the sculpture in the period of development through the kingdom,to new kingdoms period reached unprecedented prosperity,new kingdoms late start,gradually declined.Greek and Roman rule Egypt era,facing the impact of foreign culture and infiltration,has a long tradition of Egyptian art is not so,and the ancient Egyptian art is still in its unique national style influenced Greek,Roman art development.
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