英语翻译Joseph Haydn was born in a tiny Austrian vii．．1age．His f

英语翻译
Joseph Haydn was born in a tiny Austrian vii．．
1age．His father made wagon wheels,and until the
age of six,Haydn’s musical background consisted
of folksongs his father loved to sing and the peas—
ant dances that whirled around him on festive Oc．
casions．Haydn’s eager response to m usic was
recognized,and he was sent to live with a relative
who gave him basic music lessons for two years．
At eight,he went to Vien na to serve as a choirboy
in the Cathedral of St．Stephen．There,though his
279
good voice was appreciated,he had no chance for
composition lessons or for perfecting an instru．．
mental technique．And when his voice changed,
Haydn was dismissed from St．Stephen’s and
turned out on the street without a penny．He man.
aged to stay alive by giving music lessons to chil-．
dren for about eight years．Throughout those years
he struggled to teach himself composition and a1-．
so took odd jobs,including playing violin in the
popular Viennese street bands that offered eve-．
ning entertainment．
Gradually,aristocratic patrons of music began to
notice Haydn’s talent．For a brief time he was music
director at the court of Bohemian count．but the Or-
chestra was dissolved beca use of h is patron’s fi na n．
cial problems．At the age of twenty-nine．Haydn’s
Iife changed for the better．forever．
In 1 761,Haydn entered the service of the Es．
terhazys,which was the richest and most power-
ful of the noble Hungarian families．As a highlV
skilled servant,Haydn composed most of his mu．
sic for performances in the palaces of the family．
He was to compose all the music requested by his
patron,conduct an orchestra of about twenty．five
players,coach s angers,and oversee the condition
ot Instruments and the operation of the music Ii—
brary．Thought today it seems degrading for a gen．
1US to be dependent on the w川of a prince．in the
eighteenth century patronage was taken for gran．．
ted．Composers had definite advantages in that
they received a steady income and their works
were performed．
Over a period of twenty years,Haydn’S mu．
SiC became immensely popular alI over Europe．Af．
ter the death of Prince Nicholas Esterhazy in
1 790,Haydn was free to go to London where a
concert series was planned around his composi．．
tiOns．And SO,a servant had become a celebrity·
Rich and honored,Haydn returned to Vienna in
1 795．He died in 1 809 at the age of seventy—seven
when Napoleon’S army occupied Vienna·

约瑟夫·海顿出生在奥地利的一个小村庄.他的父亲是个马车制轮匠.一直到6岁,海顿的音乐背景还只是由民间音乐所组成.他的父亲喜欢歌唱跟农民舞蹈,一种每到节日的场合,就在他四周转动的舞蹈.海顿对音乐的热切反应是公认的,于是他被送去与一个亲戚同住,从亲戚那学了两年的音乐基础课程.八岁那年,他来到维也纳,担任圣·史蒂芬大教堂的少年歌者.在那里,虽然他的好嗓音备受赏识,但他还没有机会进修乐曲创作课程,完善器乐谱曲技能.当他的声带发生变化后,他被圣·史蒂芬大教堂开除了,沦落街头身无分文.他通过传授小孩音乐课程设法使自己活的有生气,持续了大约八年时间.在这八年时间里,他努力自学乐曲创作同时兼职零工,包括在受欢迎的维也纳人夜间街头表演乐队里演奏小提琴.
渐渐地,有贵族音乐赞助商开始注意到海顿的才干.有一段很短的时间里,他曾经担任吉普赛人的宫廷音乐主管.但是由于赞助商的财政问题,他所在的管弦乐队最后解散了.二十九岁那年,海顿的生活不断在改善.1761年,海顿来到了伊斯特哈兹家族,这在当时匈牙利显贵中是最富有也是最有权有势的一个家族.作为一个高技能仆人,海顿为大部分自己创作的在家族宫廷上表演的音乐谱了曲.他还为他的赞助商提供的音乐作曲,管理一个二十五人的管弦乐队,监督乐器的使用状况以及音乐图书馆的运转情况.虽然在今天看来,一个天才依赖上层王储的资助好像是件有辱人格的事情,但在十八世纪,这被认为是很理所当然的事.作曲家因而具备了一定的有利条件,因为他们拥有了稳定的收入并且他们的工作也得到运转.
在经历了二十年的时间后,海顿的音乐在全欧洲变得相当流行广泛.1790年,尼古拉斯·伊斯特哈兹亲王逝世后,海顿成为自由人来到伦敦,一个音乐会系列围绕着他的创作安排的地方.一个仆人也因此成为了一个名人.高贵而荣耀.1795年,海顿回到维也纳.1809年,海顿去世,享年77岁.当时正值拿破仑的军队占领了维也纳之际.