euthanasia,for a against 英语作文 100字左右

euthanasia,for a against 英语作文 100字左右
安乐死是一个热门话题
人们对安乐死褒贬不一
你的看法

"We mustn't delay any longer … swallowing is difficult… and breathing, that's also difficult. Those musclesare weakening too … we mustn't delay any longer."
These were the words of Dutchman Cees van Wendelde Joode asking his doctor to help him die. Affectedwith a serious disease, van Wendel was no longerable to speak clearly and he knew there was no hopeof recovery and that his condition was rapidlydeteriorating.
Van Wendel's last three months of life before beinggiven a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year inthe Netherlands. The program has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it isshown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.
The Netherlands is the only country in Europe which permits euthanasia, although it is nottechnically legal there. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelinesintroduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. The guidelinesdemand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering, that there is no chance of a cure,and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia. In addition to this, a seconddoctor must confirm that these criteria have been met and the death must be reported to thepolice department.
Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? Dr.Wilfred van Oijen, Cees van Wendel'sdoctor, explains how he looks at the question:
"Well, it's not as if I'm planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun. In that case,killing is the worst thing I can imagine. But that's entirely different from my work as a doctor. Icare for people and I try to ensure that they don't suffer too much. That's a very differentthing."
Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. Dr. Andrew Ferguson,Chairman of the organization Healthcare Opposed to Euthanasia, says that "in the vastmajority of euthanasia cases, what the patient is actually asking for is something else. Theymay want a health professional to open up communication for them with their loved ones orfamily - there's nearly always another question behind the question."
Britain also has a strong tradition of hospices - special hospitals which care only for the dyingand their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and afounder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesn't take into accountthat there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasiawould undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people: "It's veryeasy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they areburdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out. I think that anything that legally allows theshortening of life does make those people more vulnerable."
Many find this prohibition of an individual's right to die paternalistic. Although they agree thatlife is important and should be respected, they feel that the quality of life should not beignored. Dr. Van Oijen believes that people have the fundamental right to choose forthemselves if they want to die: "What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me isthat dying people haven't the right. And that when people are very ill, we are all afraid of theirdeath. But there are situations where death is a friend. And is those cases, why not?"
But "why not?" is a question which might cause strong emotion. The film showing Cees vanWendel's death was both moving and sensitive. His doctor was clearly a family friend; his wifehad only her husband's interests at heart. Some, however, would argue that it would bedangerous to use this particular example to support the case for euthanasia. Not all patientswould receive such a high level of individual care and attention.
"我们再也不能耽误了,……我难以咽下食物……呼吸也有困难……,浑身疲乏无力,……不要再拖了."
荷兰人齐斯·范·温德尔临死前请求医生帮助他一死了之时说了这番话.他因身患重病,说话已经不很清楚,他知道自己毫无康复的希望了,而且病情正在迅速恶化.
在接受医生注射那致命的最后一针之前,范·温德康最后三个月的生活被拍成了电影,去年在荷兰的电视台首次播出.此后,有20个国家先后购买了这个电视节目,每在一国放映,都会在全国内引起一场对安乐死的议论.
荷兰是欧洲唯一的允许安乐死的国家.尽管安乐死在技术上还不具有合法性,但如果医生按照两年前荷兰议会制定的议案的严格指导原则实施用安乐死,但如果医生按照两年前荷兰议会制定的议案的严格指导原则实施用安乐死,通常是不会受到法律的追究的.这些指导原则规定,当病人极度痛苦,没有治愈的可能,而且一再要求的情况下才能实施安乐死.另外,还必须有第二位名医生证实已经符合上述条件,并且要向警察机关报告病人的死亡.
能允许医生结束他人的生命吗?齐斯·范·温德尔的私人医生威尔弗雷德·冯·奥依金解释了他对这个问题的看法：
"哦,这种情况和我计划用机关枪杀死一大群人完全不一样.若是那样,杀人是我所能想象的最可怕的事.但我作为医生实施安乐死和用枪杀人是绝对不同的.我是关心人,我要尽量保证他们不受更多痛苦.这和那种情况完全是两码事."
然而,仍然有很多人坚决反对使用安乐死."反安乐死健康医疗"组织的主席安德鲁·福格森说："在使用安乐死的大多数病例中,患者实际上需要的是其它的东西.他们可能需要在健康专家的指导下,与所爱的人或家人进行交流."
英国晚期病人收容所有着牢固的传统,一种专门护理垂危病人并满足他们特殊需要的特殊医院.国家收容所委员会主席和收容运动的发起人茜西莉·桑德斯认为,使用安乐死把护理垂危病人的其它方式都排除了.她还担心允许使用安乐死会减少很多人对于照顾和关心的要求."在今天的社会里,这样很容易使老年人、残疾人和靠他人生活的人们感到自己是社会的负担,应该从生活中消失掉.我觉得法律上任何允许缩短人们生命和作法都会使那些人变得更容易受伤害."
很多人发现禁止一个人选择死亡的权利是没有道理的.尽管他们也认为生命很重要,并且应当尊重生命,但是生活的质量也不容忽视.范·奥依金医生认为如果人们想死,他们应当有选择死亡的权利："那些反对使用安乐死的人们是在告诉我们要死亡的人没有这种权利.当他们病重时,我们害怕他们会死去.但是有的情况下死亡是人们的朋友.在那种情况下,为什么不使用安乐死呢?"
但"为什么不呢?"是一个会引起强烈的情感的问题.那部反映齐斯·范·温德尔死亡情景的电影既感人又发人深醒.很显然,这位医生是他们一家人的朋友；温德尔的妻子也是一心为丈夫好.然而,有些人争论说用这种特殊事例来支持安乐死是危险的.再说,不是所有的病人都会受到如此周到的个别护理和关注.
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