如何学定语从句的关系代词?
来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/11/09 10:37:47
如何学定语从句的关系代词?
定语从句在复合句中的作用相当于形容词,它在句中作定语修饰名词或代词.被定语从句所修饰的词称先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.引导定语从句的关联词称为关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which和as,关系副词有when,where和 why,他们在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用,同时在意义上代表先行词并在定语从句中担任一个成分.如:
The White House is the house where the president of the United States lives and works.
白宫是美国总统居住和工作的地方.
(house是先行词,where是关系副词,在从句中作状语)
The letter that I received yesterday was from Mary.
我昨天收到的那封信是玛丽寄来的.
(that是关系代词,代表先行词letter,在从句中作宾语)
一、关系代词的用法:
1、who指人,在从句中作主语.如:
The teacher who teaches us English is from Australia.
教我们英语的老师是澳大利亚人.
Those who want to go to the Summer
Palace must get up early tomorrow.
想去颐和园的朋友们明天要早起床.
2、whom指人,在从句中作宾语,在口语及非正式文体中常省略.如:
The great artist(whom)you want to see is coming.
你要见的那位艺术家就要来了.
The little girl(whom) I spoke to just now is Henry's sister.
我刚才与她说话的那个小姑娘是亨利的妹妹.
3、whose多指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语.如:
The book whose cover is off is mine.
掉了封面的那本书是我的.
This is the boy whose father is a headmaster.
这就是那个爸爸是校长的男孩.
4、that多指物,有时也指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,有时作表语.作宾语时常省略.如:
The plane that just left is for Paris.
刚飞走的那班飞机是飞往巴黎的.(作主语,指物)
Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
站在大门口的那个人是谁?(作主语,指人)
I lost the coat(that)I bought last week.
我丢了上周刚买的那件外套.(作宾语,指物)
He is no longer the man that he was.
他已经不是过去的他了.(作表语,指人)
5、which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常省略.如:
Iwantto buy a book which is written in Russian.
我想买本俄文书.(作主语)
The news(which)Jack told me is true.
杰克告诉我的那个消息是真的.(作宾语)
6、as指人或事物,在从句中作宾语,有时作主语或表语,常用于“the same(adj.)+名词+as或such(adj.)+名词+as”等结构中及先行词是代词such或 same的情况下.如:
I had the same trouble as you(had).
我的麻烦和你的一样.(指事物,作宾语)
He is not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像看上去那样傻.(指人,作表语)
Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.
让孩子们读那些使他们聪明向上的书.(指物,作主语)
二、关系副词的用法:关系副词在从句中作状语,其作用相当于介词短语.
1、when表示时间,在从句中通常作时间状语.如:
The days when we were poor are gone forever.
我们受穷的日子一去不复返了.
I will never forget the day when we parted.
我永远不会忘记我们分手的那一天.
2、where表示地点,在从句中通常作地点状语.如:
Great changes have taken place in the city where she was born.
她出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化.
This is the place where the accident happened.
这就是出事地点.
3、why表示原因,在从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有reason一词.如:
Do you know the reason why it is so hot this summer?
你知道今年夏天这么热的原因吗?
The reason why they changed the plan is unknown.
他们改变计划的原因并不清楚.
The White House is the house where the president of the United States lives and works.
白宫是美国总统居住和工作的地方.
(house是先行词,where是关系副词,在从句中作状语)
The letter that I received yesterday was from Mary.
我昨天收到的那封信是玛丽寄来的.
(that是关系代词,代表先行词letter,在从句中作宾语)
一、关系代词的用法:
1、who指人,在从句中作主语.如:
The teacher who teaches us English is from Australia.
教我们英语的老师是澳大利亚人.
Those who want to go to the Summer
Palace must get up early tomorrow.
想去颐和园的朋友们明天要早起床.
2、whom指人,在从句中作宾语,在口语及非正式文体中常省略.如:
The great artist(whom)you want to see is coming.
你要见的那位艺术家就要来了.
The little girl(whom) I spoke to just now is Henry's sister.
我刚才与她说话的那个小姑娘是亨利的妹妹.
3、whose多指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语.如:
The book whose cover is off is mine.
掉了封面的那本书是我的.
This is the boy whose father is a headmaster.
这就是那个爸爸是校长的男孩.
4、that多指物,有时也指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,有时作表语.作宾语时常省略.如:
The plane that just left is for Paris.
刚飞走的那班飞机是飞往巴黎的.(作主语,指物)
Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
站在大门口的那个人是谁?(作主语,指人)
I lost the coat(that)I bought last week.
我丢了上周刚买的那件外套.(作宾语,指物)
He is no longer the man that he was.
他已经不是过去的他了.(作表语,指人)
5、which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常省略.如:
Iwantto buy a book which is written in Russian.
我想买本俄文书.(作主语)
The news(which)Jack told me is true.
杰克告诉我的那个消息是真的.(作宾语)
6、as指人或事物,在从句中作宾语,有时作主语或表语,常用于“the same(adj.)+名词+as或such(adj.)+名词+as”等结构中及先行词是代词such或 same的情况下.如:
I had the same trouble as you(had).
我的麻烦和你的一样.(指事物,作宾语)
He is not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像看上去那样傻.(指人,作表语)
Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.
让孩子们读那些使他们聪明向上的书.(指物,作主语)
二、关系副词的用法:关系副词在从句中作状语,其作用相当于介词短语.
1、when表示时间,在从句中通常作时间状语.如:
The days when we were poor are gone forever.
我们受穷的日子一去不复返了.
I will never forget the day when we parted.
我永远不会忘记我们分手的那一天.
2、where表示地点,在从句中通常作地点状语.如:
Great changes have taken place in the city where she was born.
她出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化.
This is the place where the accident happened.
这就是出事地点.
3、why表示原因,在从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有reason一词.如:
Do you know the reason why it is so hot this summer?
你知道今年夏天这么热的原因吗?
The reason why they changed the plan is unknown.
他们改变计划的原因并不清楚.