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如何学定语从句的关系代词?

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/11/09 10:37:47
如何学定语从句的关系代词?
定语从句在复合句中的作用相当于形容词,它在句中作定语修饰名词或代词.被定语从句所修饰的词称先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.引导定语从句的关联词称为关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which和as,关系副词有when,where和 why,他们在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用,同时在意义上代表先行词并在定语从句中担任一个成分.如:
The White House is the house where the president of the United States lives and works.
白宫是美国总统居住和工作的地方.
(house是先行词,where是关系副词,在从句中作状语)
The letter that I received yesterday was from Mary.
我昨天收到的那封信是玛丽寄来的.
(that是关系代词,代表先行词letter,在从句中作宾语)
一、关系代词的用法:
1、who指人,在从句中作主语.如:
The teacher who teaches us English is from Australia.
教我们英语的老师是澳大利亚人.
Those who want to go to the Summer
Palace must get up early tomorrow.
想去颐和园的朋友们明天要早起床.
2、whom指人,在从句中作宾语,在口语及非正式文体中常省略.如:
The great artist(whom)you want to see is coming.
你要见的那位艺术家就要来了.
The little girl(whom) I spoke to just now is Henry's sister.
我刚才与她说话的那个小姑娘是亨利的妹妹.
3、whose多指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语.如:
The book whose cover is off is mine.
掉了封面的那本书是我的.
This is the boy whose father is a headmaster.
这就是那个爸爸是校长的男孩.
4、that多指物,有时也指人,在从句中作主语或宾语,有时作表语.作宾语时常省略.如:
The plane that just left is for Paris.
刚飞走的那班飞机是飞往巴黎的.(作主语,指物)
Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
站在大门口的那个人是谁?(作主语,指人)
I lost the coat(that)I bought last week.
我丢了上周刚买的那件外套.(作宾语,指物)
He is no longer the man that he was.
他已经不是过去的他了.(作表语,指人)
5、which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常省略.如:
Iwantto buy a book which is written in Russian.
我想买本俄文书.(作主语)
The news(which)Jack told me is true.
杰克告诉我的那个消息是真的.(作宾语)
6、as指人或事物,在从句中作宾语,有时作主语或表语,常用于“the same(adj.)+名词+as或such(adj.)+名词+as”等结构中及先行词是代词such或 same的情况下.如:
I had the same trouble as you(had).
我的麻烦和你的一样.(指事物,作宾语)
He is not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像看上去那样傻.(指人,作表语)
Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.
让孩子们读那些使他们聪明向上的书.(指物,作主语)
二、关系副词的用法:关系副词在从句中作状语,其作用相当于介词短语.
1、when表示时间,在从句中通常作时间状语.如:
The days when we were poor are gone forever.
我们受穷的日子一去不复返了.
I will never forget the day when we parted.
我永远不会忘记我们分手的那一天.
2、where表示地点,在从句中通常作地点状语.如:
Great changes have taken place in the city where she was born.
她出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化.
This is the place where the accident happened.
这就是出事地点.
3、why表示原因,在从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有reason一词.如:
Do you know the reason why it is so hot this summer?
你知道今年夏天这么热的原因吗?
The reason why they changed the plan is unknown.
他们改变计划的原因并不清楚.