作业帮请问英语adj与adv的区别是什么
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：综合作业 时间：2024/11/08 06:02:43
请问英语adj与adv的区别是什么
最好能详细些,举例说明
最好能详细些,举例说明
副词(adv.)修饰形容词或动词,形容词(adj.)修饰名词或者代词.
副词一般以ly结尾. 副词在句中作状语,一般靠近谓语动词或者在句首或者句末.形容词靠近所修饰的名词或代词,作定语.
建议你多读英语课本,有意识的分析句子的结构,找出主.谓.宾. 相信你的外语会有明显的提高的.
容易混淆的形容词和副词
形容词用来修饰名词；副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子.可是,有时形容词和副词容易混淆.例如“A fast train reached the destination fast”中的第一个“fast”是形容词,第二个就是副词.此外,有些词既能是形容词,也能是副词,有些词义不变,另些词义不同；有些形容词加上后缀“-ly”构成的副词和原来的形容词意思相近,但有一些意义则相差甚远；更有些形容词,除自己本身能兼而充当副词之外,又可以再加上后缀“-ly”构成派生副词,若不小心,容易引起混淆.
下面分别举例说明：
⑴可作形容词又可作副词,词义不同如：
①a. Joelle is a pretty child.（形容词）
b. Tom will be back pretty soon.（副词）
②a. The old man has been ill for some time.（形容词）
b. Don't speak ill of others.（副词）
⑵既是形容词,也是副词,句子中的语法功能不同,但意义一样,如：
③a. What a deep ocean it is !（深的）
b. The boy dug deep into the ground.（深）
④a. Look at the high mountain!（高的）
b. Birds fly high in the sky.（高）
⑶形容词可以充当副词,又可以加上后缀,构成派生副词.在某些场合,两者相近,可以通用（如例⑤和⑥）；在另一些场合里,两者意思有异,不可混为一谈（如例⑦和⑧）：
⑤a. Hold it tight, please!
b. Hold it tightly, please!
⑥a. Please read slower.
b. Please read more slowly.
⑦a. John came late yesterday.（迟）
b. John has been working hard lately.（最近）
⑧a. Jason works hard.（努力地）
b. Susan hardly works.（几乎不）
⑷有些形容词或副词,同时有多个意思,如：
⑨a. Hard labour（苦工）
b. Hard times（艰难时代）
⑩a. The baby is fast asleep.（睡得熟）
b. Run fast, please!（ 请快跑）
c. Hold the rope fast!（紧握绳索）
⑸同词根的派生形容词和形容词及分词间,意思虽甚接近,但容易引起混乱,如：
11a. The child is sleepy.（昏昏欲睡）
b. The child is still asleep.（还在睡眠中）
c. Why are you looking at the sleeping child?（睡着的）
12a. Diana feels lonely/ lonesome in the big house.（感到寂寞）
b. Mary was alone in the office last night.（独自）
13a. Irene was awake the whole night last night.（整夜未眠）
b. Tom had a wakeful night last night.（整夜未眠）
c. What did you do during your waking hours last night?（醒着的时刻）
(a)和(b)意思相近,但(a)的 awake 只能作补足语；(b)的 wakeful 则没有这个局限.(c)里的waking 现在分词和(a)及(b)的两个形容词也似同非同,不易随意取代.
在英语中,某些形容词词形同时也可作副词,但这些形容词还有加后缀-ly 副词的形式,因此这类词就有两种副词形式,它们在用法上有些可以互换, 有些是有区别,下面笔者对这类词做一总结.
一般地说,可以互换的这类词,形容词词形的副词表示比较具体的概念, 经常用语口语中,不太正式；后缀-ly形式的副词,表示比较抽象的概念,有引申义,并有一定感情色彩,变副词比较级时,用此类副词,如修饰动词和分词,放在它们前面.
1) cheap: often used instead of cheaply, esp. in casual conversation and with verbs like buy and sell
Do you like this shirt? I bought it really cheaply.
cheaply I can't sell you more cheaply.
2) clean: completely, used with (1) verb forget (2) the proposition over, through (3) adv away out
I ~ forget. The ball sailed ~ over the roof.
The prisoner got ~ away. I am afraid I am clean out of food.
cleanly: precisely in a clean manner, often used with v cut.
He caught the ball ~ . The doctor cut ~ through the abdominal wall.
3) clear: not touching
Please stand clear of the gate.
clearly: distinctly, obviously, similar to the meaning of clear
I can't see ~ without my glasses.
We ~need to think again.
4) close: near
Come close, I want to tell you something.
closely: carefully, with great attention
Study this ~ it's very important.
5) dead: exactly completely, used in certain expressions
~ right, ~ sure, ` tired, ~ slow, ~ ahead, ~ drunk, ~ straight
deadly: fatally
He was ~ injured in the crash.
6) direct: used instead of directly in talking about journeys and timetables
The plane goes ~ from London to Houston.
7) easy: used in certain expressions
Take it easy. easy come, easy go.
Easier said than done.
easily I can do very easily.
8) fair: used in the expression play ~, fight ~
fairly: justly, honestly
You must do it ~.
9) fine: well, used in some expressions
That suits me fine. You are doing ~.
finely: elaborately (细微地） (not commonly used
He studied it very finely.
10) free: without payment
You can't eat ~ in my restaurant.
freely: without limit or restriction(限制）
You can't speak ~ in front of my father.
11) hard: to show degree
He hit hard.
hardly: almost not
12) high it refers to high position.
Don't go higher. It is dangerous.
highly: it refers to an extreme degree "very much".
She is ~ paid. It is ~ amusing.
13) just: a moment ago I have just come here.
justly: in accordance with justice or the law.
You must do it justly.
14) late: not on time He hates arriving late.
lately: recently I haven't heard from you lately.
15) loud: used instead of loudly in informal conversation with the verbs talk, speak, shout, laugh
loudly: in a big voice They quarreled ~.
16) low: in a small voice
Can you speak low?
lowly: in a humble way
Don't speak to him lowly.
17) most: very Which do you like most?
mostly: mainly, most often, in most cases
18) pretty: rather ~ well, ~ soon
prettily: pleasing to people (悦人地）
He danced ~.
19) quick: in informal English used instead of quickly
quickly He acted ~.
20) real in informal English used instead of really
really Are you ~ tell me the truth.
21) right: just, exactly, all the way
The ball hit me ~ in the nose.
He arrived ~ after breakfast.
Turn right at the traffic lights.
rightly: correctly right can be used informally instead of rightly
You guessed right(ly)
22) sharp: punctually 准时地
He arrived at six o'clock ~.
sharply: 锐利地,急剧地
look ~ speak ~
23) short: suddenly
The car stopped suddenly.
shortly: soon He will come shortly.
24) slow used in informal conversation instead of slowly
go ~, drive ~
25) sound: 彻底地 used in the expression sound asleep
soundly: 非常好地 He is sleeping soundly.
26) straight and straightly used in the same way.
27) sure: used in American English meaning certainly
surely: He speaks very surely.
28) tight: used instead of tightly in informal conversation.
hold ~, pack ~. The door was shut ~.
tightly: We'd better sit tightly.
29)wide: He opened his eyes wide.
widely: in many different places
He has traveled widely.
30) wrong used instead of wrongly in informal conversation.
You guessed wrong(ly)
副词一般以ly结尾. 副词在句中作状语,一般靠近谓语动词或者在句首或者句末.形容词靠近所修饰的名词或代词,作定语.
建议你多读英语课本,有意识的分析句子的结构,找出主.谓.宾. 相信你的外语会有明显的提高的.
容易混淆的形容词和副词
形容词用来修饰名词；副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子.可是,有时形容词和副词容易混淆.例如“A fast train reached the destination fast”中的第一个“fast”是形容词,第二个就是副词.此外,有些词既能是形容词,也能是副词,有些词义不变,另些词义不同；有些形容词加上后缀“-ly”构成的副词和原来的形容词意思相近,但有一些意义则相差甚远；更有些形容词,除自己本身能兼而充当副词之外,又可以再加上后缀“-ly”构成派生副词,若不小心,容易引起混淆.
下面分别举例说明：
⑴可作形容词又可作副词,词义不同如：
①a. Joelle is a pretty child.（形容词）
b. Tom will be back pretty soon.（副词）
②a. The old man has been ill for some time.（形容词）
b. Don't speak ill of others.（副词）
⑵既是形容词,也是副词,句子中的语法功能不同,但意义一样,如：
③a. What a deep ocean it is !（深的）
b. The boy dug deep into the ground.（深）
④a. Look at the high mountain!（高的）
b. Birds fly high in the sky.（高）
⑶形容词可以充当副词,又可以加上后缀,构成派生副词.在某些场合,两者相近,可以通用（如例⑤和⑥）；在另一些场合里,两者意思有异,不可混为一谈（如例⑦和⑧）：
⑤a. Hold it tight, please!
b. Hold it tightly, please!
⑥a. Please read slower.
b. Please read more slowly.
⑦a. John came late yesterday.（迟）
b. John has been working hard lately.（最近）
⑧a. Jason works hard.（努力地）
b. Susan hardly works.（几乎不）
⑷有些形容词或副词,同时有多个意思,如：
⑨a. Hard labour（苦工）
b. Hard times（艰难时代）
⑩a. The baby is fast asleep.（睡得熟）
b. Run fast, please!（ 请快跑）
c. Hold the rope fast!（紧握绳索）
⑸同词根的派生形容词和形容词及分词间,意思虽甚接近,但容易引起混乱,如：
11a. The child is sleepy.（昏昏欲睡）
b. The child is still asleep.（还在睡眠中）
c. Why are you looking at the sleeping child?（睡着的）
12a. Diana feels lonely/ lonesome in the big house.（感到寂寞）
b. Mary was alone in the office last night.（独自）
13a. Irene was awake the whole night last night.（整夜未眠）
b. Tom had a wakeful night last night.（整夜未眠）
c. What did you do during your waking hours last night?（醒着的时刻）
(a)和(b)意思相近,但(a)的 awake 只能作补足语；(b)的 wakeful 则没有这个局限.(c)里的waking 现在分词和(a)及(b)的两个形容词也似同非同,不易随意取代.
在英语中,某些形容词词形同时也可作副词,但这些形容词还有加后缀-ly 副词的形式,因此这类词就有两种副词形式,它们在用法上有些可以互换, 有些是有区别,下面笔者对这类词做一总结.
一般地说,可以互换的这类词,形容词词形的副词表示比较具体的概念, 经常用语口语中,不太正式；后缀-ly形式的副词,表示比较抽象的概念,有引申义,并有一定感情色彩,变副词比较级时,用此类副词,如修饰动词和分词,放在它们前面.
1) cheap: often used instead of cheaply, esp. in casual conversation and with verbs like buy and sell
Do you like this shirt? I bought it really cheaply.
cheaply I can't sell you more cheaply.
2) clean: completely, used with (1) verb forget (2) the proposition over, through (3) adv away out
I ~ forget. The ball sailed ~ over the roof.
The prisoner got ~ away. I am afraid I am clean out of food.
cleanly: precisely in a clean manner, often used with v cut.
He caught the ball ~ . The doctor cut ~ through the abdominal wall.
3) clear: not touching
Please stand clear of the gate.
clearly: distinctly, obviously, similar to the meaning of clear
I can't see ~ without my glasses.
We ~need to think again.
4) close: near
Come close, I want to tell you something.
closely: carefully, with great attention
Study this ~ it's very important.
5) dead: exactly completely, used in certain expressions
~ right, ~ sure, ` tired, ~ slow, ~ ahead, ~ drunk, ~ straight
deadly: fatally
He was ~ injured in the crash.
6) direct: used instead of directly in talking about journeys and timetables
The plane goes ~ from London to Houston.
7) easy: used in certain expressions
Take it easy. easy come, easy go.
Easier said than done.
easily I can do very easily.
8) fair: used in the expression play ~, fight ~
fairly: justly, honestly
You must do it ~.
9) fine: well, used in some expressions
That suits me fine. You are doing ~.
finely: elaborately (细微地） (not commonly used
He studied it very finely.
10) free: without payment
You can't eat ~ in my restaurant.
freely: without limit or restriction(限制）
You can't speak ~ in front of my father.
11) hard: to show degree
He hit hard.
hardly: almost not
12) high it refers to high position.
Don't go higher. It is dangerous.
highly: it refers to an extreme degree "very much".
She is ~ paid. It is ~ amusing.
13) just: a moment ago I have just come here.
justly: in accordance with justice or the law.
You must do it justly.
14) late: not on time He hates arriving late.
lately: recently I haven't heard from you lately.
15) loud: used instead of loudly in informal conversation with the verbs talk, speak, shout, laugh
loudly: in a big voice They quarreled ~.
16) low: in a small voice
Can you speak low?
lowly: in a humble way
Don't speak to him lowly.
17) most: very Which do you like most?
mostly: mainly, most often, in most cases
18) pretty: rather ~ well, ~ soon
prettily: pleasing to people (悦人地）
He danced ~.
19) quick: in informal English used instead of quickly
quickly He acted ~.
20) real in informal English used instead of really
really Are you ~ tell me the truth.
21) right: just, exactly, all the way
The ball hit me ~ in the nose.
He arrived ~ after breakfast.
Turn right at the traffic lights.
rightly: correctly right can be used informally instead of rightly
You guessed right(ly)
22) sharp: punctually 准时地
He arrived at six o'clock ~.
sharply: 锐利地,急剧地
look ~ speak ~
23) short: suddenly
The car stopped suddenly.
shortly: soon He will come shortly.
24) slow used in informal conversation instead of slowly
go ~, drive ~
25) sound: 彻底地 used in the expression sound asleep
soundly: 非常好地 He is sleeping soundly.
26) straight and straightly used in the same way.
27) sure: used in American English meaning certainly
surely: He speaks very surely.
28) tight: used instead of tightly in informal conversation.
hold ~, pack ~. The door was shut ~.
tightly: We'd better sit tightly.
29)wide: He opened his eyes wide.
widely: in many different places
He has traveled widely.
30) wrong used instead of wrongly in informal conversation.
You guessed wrong(ly)