英语翻译The concept of culture as a totality of knowledge,profic

英语翻译
The concept of culture as a totality of knowledge,proficiency and perception is fundamental in our approach to translation.If language is an integral part of culture,the translator needs not only proficiency in two language,he must also be at home in two cultures.In other words,he must be bilingual and bicultural.The extent of his knowledge,proficiency and perception determines not only his ability to produce the target text,but also his understanding of the source text.
Hermeneutic theory,particularly in Germany,has long been bound up with translation theory.Equally important for literary translation in particular is a more recent development,also with roots in Germany,known as Rezeptionsasthetik( theory of aesthetic response),investigating the role of the reader.For our purpose it must be emphasized that the role of the translator as reader is an essentially active and creative one,and that understanding must not be equated with a passive “reception” of the text.In his fourfold “hermeneutic motion”,George Steiner describes the “initiative trust,an investment of belief,underwritten by previous experience but epistemologically exposed and psychologically hazardous” which makes the translator “venture a leap.” By including the fundamental element of experience.Steiner links his conception of the translator’s understanding process with the work of two philosophers who have influenced recent work on translation in Germany:Edmund Husserl and Hans-Georg Gadamer with his concept of “Horizontverschmelzung” (fusion of horizons).Gadamer had a major influence on Paepcke’s approach to translation (see especially Paepcke1978.1980.1981) and on Stolze’s work.The hermeneutic approach to translation with its experiential,interactive process of understanding as represented by Paepcke and Stolze also adheres to the holistic principles of the gestalt as described in this study.The unity of language,culture,experience and perception has likewise characterized some recent developments in linguistics:one such development -----Fillmore’s scences and frames semantics,which draws on the prototype model as derived from world knowledge and experience---is discussed below as an approach directly relevant for translation.

文化观念作为知识、熟练程度和感知能力的总体是我们解决翻译的根本.如果语言是文化不可分割的一部分,译者不仅需要熟练掌握两种语言,还必须深处两种文化家庭中.换言之,他必须是双语言和双文化.他的知识、熟练掌握和感知能力的程度不仅决定了他翻译目标文本的能力,而且决定了他对源文本的理解.
诠释学理论,尤其在德国,长期以来与翻译理论联系在一起.对文学翻译尤其同样重要的是一种名为美学反应的理论,其源于德国,于较近期开始发展,探究读者的角色作用.出于我们的目的考虑,我们必须强调译者充当读者角色在实质上是有积极性和创造性作用的,对源文的理解千万不能等同于消极“接受”.乔治•斯坦纳在其四重“诠释学行动”里描述了“主动性信任、信仰投资、取材于过往经历,是认识论上的暴露和心理上的冒险”,这些都使得译者“敢于突破”.通过包含基本的经验要素,Steiner将其对译者理解过程的设想与对自己在德国的翻译作品有影响的两位哲学家埃德蒙德•胡塞尔和伽达默尔的创作联系起来.伽达默尔的观念是视界交融.伽达默尔对佩普克（见佩普克1978、1980、1981作品）的翻译方法和斯特兹的作品有着重大影响.佩普克和斯特兹所阐述的经验上、交互性的理解过程的诠释学翻译方法也遵循如本论文所描述的完全形态的整体原理.语言、文化、经验和感知统一体已同样将语言学方面的一些近期发展描绘成菲尔莫尔风情和框架语义学这样的一种发展,渐渐走向原始模型,就好像起源于世界认知和体验－下面探讨的是一种与翻译直接有关的翻译方法.