英语翻译Stock control is the determination and regulation of whi

英语翻译
Stock control is the determination and regulation of which items are kept in stock and what quantities of each are stocked without stock excess or stock deficiencies.The aim is to achieve a balance between the two extremes of holding too much or too little stock.Holding a high level of stock is a simple policy to manage and reduces the risk of stockouts.Moreover,by reducing the need for frequent orders it also reduces the administrative costs of purchasing stocks.However,it increases the stockholding costs.
On the other hand,holding only low levels of stock is a more difficult policy to manage.This is not only because it relies on timely deliveries by suppliers,but also because it increases the number of orders that must be placed with suppliers,which in turn increases the administration time and costs associated with stock.However,it reduces the stockholding costs.The range and depth of stockholdings is determined by an assessment of the following factors:
1) The nature of demand (quantity,time,frequency,scope,predictability);
2) Degree of protection against stockouts;
3) Purchasing costs;
4) Holding costs;
5) Lead-time.
1、Stock Classification
The economist Vilfredo Pareto studied situations in which most of the value of a population of items was concentrated in few individual members of the population.This is frequently the case with stockholdings:a manufacturer may hold thousands of stock lines with only tiny value,which a few stock lines are highly valuable.This principle is often referred to as the 80/20 rule,meaning that in such cases 80% of the items in stock typically make up only 20% of the total stock value,which the remaining 20% of (high-value) items account for 80% of the total stock value.
A BC groups stock items into high-value items,which tend to be few in number,medium-value items and low-value items,of which there are many.For example:
1) Category A items----10% of volume accounts for 70% of value;
2) Category B items----20% of volume accounts for 20% of value;
3) Category C items----70% of volume accounts for 10% of value.
Having categorized items as A,B or C,the policy and maximum/minimum stock levels for the different categories can be set.The stock control policy for the categories might be as follows.
1) Class A---close control and checked once a month;
2) Class B---medium control and checked every three months;
3)Class C---minimum control with free issue.
2、Stock Identification
Stock consists of many different types of individual items.There is a wide spectrum of users of stock,so there needs to be a common method of describing items to avoid mistakes,confusion and duplication.Stock identification is the process of allocating identifiers to ensure that stock items can be uniquely identified.

存货的控制是决心和哪些项目在存货和什么每个的量没有存货的过度或存货的缺乏被进货中被保持的规则.目标将达成握住太多的在这二种极端之间的平衡或太少存货.握住高度存货是处理而且减少缺货的危险的一个简单的政策.而且,藉由减少它也减少购买存货的管理费用的对时常发生的次序需要.然而,它增加 stockholding 费用.
另一方面,维持唯一的低度存货是处理的一个比较困难的政策.这是不只有因为它仰赖供应者的及时递送,但是也因为它增加一定与供应者,依次增加与存货有关的行政时间和费用一起下的次序的数字.然而,它减少 stockholding 费用.范围和 stockholdings 的深度被下列因素的一个评估决定:
1) 要求的性质;(量、时间、频率、范围,可预测性)
2) 反对缺货的保护的程度;
3) 购买费用;
4) 把持花费;
5) 领引-计时.
1,存货分类
经济学者 Vilfredo Pareto 学习了情形在哪一个项目的人口的大部份价值在人口的少数个别成员中被集中.这时常用 stockholdings 是情形:一个制造业者可能用只有极小的价值,高度地有价值举行数以千计的存货的线.这一项原则被时常称为 80/20 规则,意谓在存货的如此情形 80% 的项目中典型地组成只有 20% 的完全存货的价值,剩余 20%(高价值) 80% 的完全存货的价值.
一个西元前团体存货的项目进入高价值项目之内,容易在数字、媒体-价值的项目和低价值项目中是少数的,其中有多数.举例来说:
1) 种类一项目----10% 70% 价值;
2) 种类 B 计算----20% 20% 价值;
3) 种类 C 计算----70% 10% 价值.
有为不同的种类分类作为 A 、 B 或 C 、政策和最大值/最小量存货的水平项目能被设定.对于种类的存货控制政策可能是依下列各项.
1) 分类一---结束控制而且每月一次检查;
2) 班级 B---媒体控制而且每个三个月检查;
3)班级 C---最小量以自由地议题控制.
2,存货确认
存货有个别项目的许多不同类型.有存货的宽范围使用者,因此,那里需要是描述项目的通常方法避免错误、混乱和副本.存货确认是确定存货项目可能是独特地识别的分派标识符的程序.