英语翻译These data can be (and have been) used to measure the ex

英语翻译
These data can be (and have been) used to measure the extent of small business lending by depository institutions.To do so,however,requires the assumption that small loans are originated with small ®rms.In some
situations,this assumption may not be tenable.First,not all small loans are originated with small businesses.The extent of this problem is unknown at this time.However,as a result of 1997 revisions to the Community Reinvestment Act,data will be available in 1998 to answer this question.As part of the Community Reinvestment Act,larger banks will be required to report on the number and amount of loan extensions made to businesses with fewer than one million dollars in annual receipts.
Second,depository institutions certainly make loans to small businesses that are not booked as commercial and industrial loans or nonfarm nonresidential property loans.Examples include some auto loans and second mortgages on personal residences when the proceeds are used for business purposes.
Despite the newness of these data,a sizeable body of literature has used
them to examine issues centering around bank consolidation and the effect of bank size on small business lending.Two examples are the papers in this special issue by Peek and Rosengren (1998) and Strahan and Weston (1998).Two other recent studies examining bank mergers and small business lending are Berger et al.(1998) and Walraven (1997).
The 1995 SCF is the most recent of a series of surveys of US households
conducted about every three years for the Board of Governors.This survey collects information from a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of about 4000 households.The unit of observation is a household.Detailed information about household assets,liabilities,pension and retirement plans,use of financial services and suppliers,and demographic characteristics were obtained.
In particular,the survey contains a section on business ownership and management,including number of businesses owned,number of businesses in which the household has an active management role,the type of business,how and when acquired,number of employees,and percentage of businesses owned.There are also questions about the relationship between business and personal assets.

这些数据可以（已经）用於测量范围小企业贷款的存款机构.要做到这一点,但是,需要小额贷款的假设是源於小®有效值.在一些
情况下,这种假设可能不成立的.首先,并非所有的小额贷款是起源於小型企业.这个问题的程度是未知在这个时候.然而,结果 1997年修订本社区再投资法,数据将在1998年回答这个问题.由於部分社区再投资法,大银行将被要求报告的数量和金额的贷款业务的扩展作出较少超过 1亿美元的年收入.
第二,存款机构一定会贷款给小型企业,没有预定的商业和工业贷款或非农非住宅物业贷款.一些例子包括汽车贷款和第二抵押贷款时,对个人住宅的收益用於商业目的.
尽管这些数据的新奇,一个庞大的机构已采用文献
他们研究的问题围绕银行合并,而其影响银行对小企业贷款规模.两个例子是在这个特殊的问题,论文由皮克和罗森格伦（1998年）和斯特拉汉和Weston（1998年）.另外两个最近的研究审查银行合并和小企业贷款是伯杰等.（1998年）和沃尔雷文（1997年）.
1995年SCF的是最近的一系列调查的美国家庭
大约每3年进行的理事会.这项统计调查搜集的资料,一个国家代表的横截面样品,共约 4000户.观察的单位是家庭.详细信息家庭资产,负债,退休金和退休计划,利用金融服务和供应商,获得了和人口特徵.
特别是,调查有一节关於企业所有权和管理,其中包括国有企业,数家企业,其中有一个积极的管理作用,业务类别,如何和何时收购,雇员人数和百分比企业拥有.还有一些问题之间的关系,对企业和个人资产.