英语翻译4Crop yield reflects the combined effects of genotype,cu

英语翻译
4
Crop yield reflects the combined effects of genotype,cultural practice,and environment on crop growth and development.
Climate,soil,and physiographic and biotic factors each exert a direct effect on plant growth as well as an indirect effect through interactions with other environmental factors.Vulnerability of crops to adverse environmental conditions not only causes crop failure and harvest losses,but also prevents a significant extension of the global surface of arable land and a shift of more productive crops to new areas,Indeed,environmental factors exert a more powerful impact on food production than any other crop input.Environmental variables that cause yield fluctuations cannot be eliminated or controlled at present level of technology.Agriculture,therefore,may be the only branch of economic activity that is subject to wide and irregular output fluctuations beyond human control.If environmental variables were to upset the food supply/demand situation in two or more major food-producing regions of the world,widespread famine could result.
Although humans cannot control the environment,they have done everything within their power to dominate it.Excessively large amounts of nonrenewable energy inputs are expended directly and indirectly on crop production.Direct inputs include fossil fuels,pesticides,fertilizers,machinery,and irrigation water; indirect inputs include energy expanded on manufacturing,transportation,crop testing,and advisory inputs.These energy inputs are supplemental to sunlight energy for photosynthesis and are called cultural energy inputs.Although outputs of crops per hectare and per man-hour have soared spectacularly,the law of diminishing returns applies,and the efficiency of energy use in food production in many technologically advanced areas of the world is low.

专业翻译：
4
Crop yield reflects the combined effects of genotype,cultural practice,and environment on crop growth and development.
Climate,soil,and physiographic and biotic factors each exert a direct effect on plant growth as well as an indirect effect through interactions with other environmental factors.Vulnerability of crops to adverse environmental conditions not only causes crop failure and harvest losses,but also prevents a significant extension of the global surface of arable land and a shift of more productive crops to new areas.Indeed,environmental factors exert a more powerful impact on food production than any other crop input.
4.农作物的产量反映了基因型、耕种技术和环境对农作物的生长与发展的综合影响.
气候、土壤、地文与生物因素,个别通过与其他环境因素的相互作用,直接和间接地影响植物的生长.农作物抗拒不利环境条件的脆弱性不单单造成作物歉收与收成损失,而且还妨碍全球可种植地范围的重大扩展以及将高产量作物移至新地域.确实,环境因素对粮食生产的影响比任何其他的作物投入都具有更大的威力.
Environmental variables that cause yield fluctuations cannot be eliminated or controlled at present level of technology.Agriculture,therefore,may be the only branch of economic activity that is subject to wide and irregular output fluctuations beyond human control.If environmental variables were to upset the food supply/demand situation in two or more major food-producing regions of the world,widespread famine could result.
目前所掌握的技术水平,还无法消除或控制造成粮食产量波动的环境变化.因此,产量深受广泛与不规则波动影响的农业,也许是唯一超越人类所能控制的一个经济活动分支.如果世界有两个或以上的主要粮食生产基地的供需情况受到恶劣气候变化的颠覆,可能会造成蔓延甚广的饥荒.
Although humans cannot control the environment,they have done everything within their power to dominate it.Excessively large amounts of nonrenewable energy inputs are expended directly and indirectly on crop production.Direct inputs include fossil fuels,pesticides,fertilizers,machinery,and irrigation water; indirect inputs include energy expanded on manufacturing,transportation,crop testing,and advisory inputs.These energy inputs are supplemental to sunlight energy for photosynthesis and are called cultural energy inputs.Although outputs of crops per hectare and per man-hour have soared spectacularly,the law of diminishing returns applies,and the efficiency of energy use in food production in many technologically advanced areas of the world is low.
尽管人类不能控制环境,但也已竭尽全力来引领它.超量的不可再生能源被直接和间接地投入于作物生产.直接投入包括化石燃料、农药、肥料、机械和灌溉用水；间接投入包括能源消耗于制造、运输,作物测试与咨询.这些补充太阳能光合作用的能源投入被称为耕作能源.虽然每公顷和每工时的作物产量已有惊人的飙升,但还是没有摆脱回报递减法则；而且,在世界的许多科技发达的地区,用于粮食生产的能源效率低下.
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