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请求帮忙翻译这篇文章?谢谢
The development of linear expansion of the investigated
expanding cement versus time is shown in Fig. 2. In this
example, all tests have been performed at 170°C with a
concentration of 10% BWOC of the expanding agent. Values
of linear expansion of almost 3% were reached at test
conditions after two weeks. The expansion starts after the
cement setting.
Results: Annulus Experiment
Set Up A. The results of the test with set up A are shown in
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. In set up A the outer casing represents a soft
formation, for instance an unconsolidated sandstone. The
radial strain measured on the inner cylinder stayed constant at
about zero during the entire test. This means that the cement
sheath did not apply much stress on the inner cylinder, the
bonding between the cement and the casing was poor.
In contrary the gage signals of the outer cylinder increased
with time and reached maximum values of about 500 μstrain
after 7000 mn. The cement expanded and applied a pressure
on the outer cylinder, expressed in strain. The expansion of the
cement started after the setting of the cement.
The result of this experiment supports and proves the
theory of several authors 6, 13 that cement expands towards the
formation. The test results lead to the conclusion that the use
of expanding cement against soft formations, which cannot
resist surface-applied stress, bears the risk of creating an inner
microannulus.
Set Up B. The results of the experiment with Set up B, in
which the outer casing represents a hard formation, are
demonstrated in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. Although the same
expanding cement has been used in the same test conditions as
in set up A, the results are significantly different. On the outer
cylinder a maximum strain of about 80 μstrain was measured,
whereas the signals of the inner gages increased to maximum
values of about 270 μstrain.
BAUMGARTE, C., THIERCELIN, M. & KLAUS, D. SPE 56535
The expansion still applies a pressure on the outer cylinder,
but as the cylinder is too rigid to be displaced and resists the
expansion forces of the expanding cement, the expansion is
forced to move towards the inner cylinder. Under these
conditions the expanding cement is pre-stressed and tightened
against the formation and the casing. Expanding cement is
therefore a good solution to get a good tight hydraulic seal, if
used against hard rock formations.
Discussion
The development of linear expansion of the investigated
expanding cement versus time is shown in Fig. 2. In this
example, all tests have been performed at 170°C with a
concentration of 10% BWOC of the expanding agent. Values
of linear expansion of almost 3% were reached at test
conditions after two weeks. The expansion starts after the
cement setting.
Results: Annulus Experiment
Set Up A. The results of the test with set up A are shown in
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. In set up A the outer casing represents a soft
formation, for instance an unconsolidated sandstone. The
radial strain measured on the inner cylinder stayed constant at
about zero during the entire test. This means that the cement
sheath did not apply much stress on the inner cylinder, the
bonding between the cement and the casing was poor.
In contrary the gage signals of the outer cylinder increased
with time and reached maximum values of about 500 μstrain
after 7000 mn. The cement expanded and applied a pressure
on the outer cylinder, expressed in strain. The expansion of the
cement started after the setting of the cement.
The result of this experiment supports and proves the
theory of several authors 6, 13 that cement expands towards the
formation. The test results lead to the conclusion that the use
of expanding cement against soft formations, which cannot
resist surface-applied stress, bears the risk of creating an inner
microannulus.
Set Up B. The results of the experiment with Set up B, in
which the outer casing represents a hard formation, are
demonstrated in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. Although the same
expanding cement has been used in the same test conditions as
in set up A, the results are significantly different. On the outer
cylinder a maximum strain of about 80 μstrain was measured,
whereas the signals of the inner gages increased to maximum
values of about 270 μstrain.
BAUMGARTE, C., THIERCELIN, M. & KLAUS, D. SPE 56535
The expansion still applies a pressure on the outer cylinder,
but as the cylinder is too rigid to be displaced and resists the
expansion forces of the expanding cement, the expansion is
forced to move towards the inner cylinder. Under these
conditions the expanding cement is pre-stressed and tightened
against the formation and the casing. Expanding cement is
therefore a good solution to get a good tight hydraulic seal, if
used against hard rock formations.
Discussion
发展线性扩张的调查
扩大水泥随时间显示在图.2 .在这
例如,所有的测试工作已告完成阶段,170 ° C时,以
浓度为10 ％ bwoc的膨胀剂.价值观
线性膨胀近百分之三达成了测试
条件,经过两个星期.扩建开始后,
水泥设置.
结果：环形实验
成立甲测试的结果,与成立,是次展览在
图.3和图.4 .在成立了一个外壳是一个软
形成的,例如一个疏松砂岩.该
径向应变测量内气瓶下榻恒定在
大约为零,在整个测试.这意味着水泥
鞘不适用是很强调的内在缸,
键之间的水泥和套管是穷人.
在相反的测量仪的信号外缸上升
随着时间的推移,并达到最高值约500 μ应变
经过7000个百万.水泥扩大应用了压力
关于外缸表示,在株.扩大了
水泥开始后,设置水泥.
该实验结果支持,并证明
理论的若干作者6日,13日,用水泥扩大对
形成.测试结果导致一个结论,即使用
扩大水泥对软地层,这是不能
抵制表面外加应力,承担风险,创造一个内
microannulus .
成立乙试验的结果与设定我国B ,在
这是外壳是一个硬地层,是
表现在图.5和图.6 .虽然同
扩大水泥已用于在相同的测试条件
在成立了,但实施效果显着的不同.对外部
汽缸,最高株约80 μ应变测量
而信号的内在计上升至最高
值约270 μ应变.
baumgarte ,丙,蒂埃瑟兰,米＆克劳斯,四的SPE 56535
扩展仍然适用压力外缸,
但由于气缸是过于僵化,要被免职,并抗拒
扩张势力的不断扩大水泥,膨胀
被迫走向内缸.根据这些
条件,扩大水泥是预力和收紧
对地层和套管.扩大水泥
因此,一个良好的解决办法,才能获得好紧张,液压密封件,如果
用来对付坚硬的岩石地层.
扩大水泥随时间显示在图.2 .在这
例如,所有的测试工作已告完成阶段,170 ° C时,以
浓度为10 ％ bwoc的膨胀剂.价值观
线性膨胀近百分之三达成了测试
条件,经过两个星期.扩建开始后,
水泥设置.
结果：环形实验
成立甲测试的结果,与成立,是次展览在
图.3和图.4 .在成立了一个外壳是一个软
形成的,例如一个疏松砂岩.该
径向应变测量内气瓶下榻恒定在
大约为零,在整个测试.这意味着水泥
鞘不适用是很强调的内在缸,
键之间的水泥和套管是穷人.
在相反的测量仪的信号外缸上升
随着时间的推移,并达到最高值约500 μ应变
经过7000个百万.水泥扩大应用了压力
关于外缸表示,在株.扩大了
水泥开始后,设置水泥.
该实验结果支持,并证明
理论的若干作者6日,13日,用水泥扩大对
形成.测试结果导致一个结论,即使用
扩大水泥对软地层,这是不能
抵制表面外加应力,承担风险,创造一个内
microannulus .
成立乙试验的结果与设定我国B ,在
这是外壳是一个硬地层,是
表现在图.5和图.6 .虽然同
扩大水泥已用于在相同的测试条件
在成立了,但实施效果显着的不同.对外部
汽缸,最高株约80 μ应变测量
而信号的内在计上升至最高
值约270 μ应变.
baumgarte ,丙,蒂埃瑟兰,米＆克劳斯,四的SPE 56535
扩展仍然适用压力外缸,
但由于气缸是过于僵化,要被免职,并抗拒
扩张势力的不断扩大水泥,膨胀
被迫走向内缸.根据这些
条件,扩大水泥是预力和收紧
对地层和套管.扩大水泥
因此,一个良好的解决办法,才能获得好紧张,液压密封件,如果
用来对付坚硬的岩石地层.