英语翻译NON-CEREAL GRAIN FEED RESOURCES FOR POULTRYAs with pigs,

英语翻译
NON-CEREAL GRAIN FEED RESOURCES FOR POULTRY
As with pigs,it must be made clear at the outset,that the purpose of this
section is to assist those researchers who believe that poultry and water
fowl production should be carried out in a sustainable way respecting the
indicators set out in Chapter 1.Feeding systems based on cereal grain
will not therefore be discussed.In any event,there is a wealth of
information on such systems in the classical text books and bulletins in
developed countries.
There appear have been no attempts to re-examine the nutrient needs
of poultry in the light of alternative non-cereal grain feeding.One
promising development,instigated in the University of New England,
Australia (Cumming,R.,personal communication),is based on the
premise that,given the opportunity to select (in the case of Cumming'sTropical animal feeding:a manual for research workers 47
work,between grain and protein supplement),poultry are able to balance
their diet according to productive need and environmental stress (high
temperature).Cumming and his colleagues have reported economies in
feed and no loss of production with this free-choice management system.
The disadvantage of this approach,in the context of tropical feed
resources,is that protein-rich feeds in such regions are generally much
more expensive than energy-rich feeds.Thus it is almost never profitable
to feed protein at a level which will maximize animal performance.For
this reason protein almost always will be rationed to secure the most
profitable response.
There has so far been no commercial development of poultry feeding
systems which use non-cereal tropical feed resources.Work with ducks
is the most advanced in this regard (see Chapter 4).But the principles are
the same.If tropical feed resources of low protein content are used then
the protein supply,balanced according to the "ideal" protein (see above),
can probably be reduced to two-thirds of the recommended allowances
(NRC,1988) which,as for pigs,were worked out against the
background of cereal grain diets.A factor which may have to be taken
into account,especially with ducks,is the need for sulphur-containing
amino acids for feather growth.The testing of this hypothesis is
recommended as a high priority research area.
The other principles set out for pig feeding on tropical feed
resources,with regard to energy,minerals and vitamins,apply equally
well to poultry including water fowl.

非谷物粮食用于家禽饲料资源
正如猪,它必须在一开始就明确的,即这样做的目的
部分研究人员,以协助那些谁相信,家禽及水
家禽生产应以可持续的方式进行了尊重
指标列于第1章.饲喂系统基于谷物
因此,在任何情况下,有一个丰富的
在这样的系统资料,在经典文本的书籍和公告
发达国家.
似乎有一直没有试图重新审视营养需要
在替代非谷物粮食喂养家禽的光.一
有希望的发展,煽动在新英格兰大学,
澳大利亚（卡明,河,个人通信）,是基于
前提是,只要有机会选择（在Cumming'sTropical动物饲料的案例：一个研究人员47手册
工作中,粮食和蛋白质之间的补充）,家禽是能够平衡
他们的饮食按生产需要和环境压力（高
温度）.Cumming和他的同事们在报告经济体
饲料和没有生产这种自由选择管理系统的损失.
这种方法的缺点,在饲料中的热带
资源,是富含蛋白质的饲料在这些地区通常要
更贵能源丰富的饲料.因此,它是几乎没有盈利
饲料的水平,将最大限度地提高动物生产性能的蛋白质.对于
因此蛋白质几乎始终将配给,以确保最
有利可图的反应.
到目前为止,有没有商业发展家禽饲养
系统,使用非热带谷物饲料资源.与鸭
最是这方面（见第4章）先进的.但原则是
相同.如果热带低蛋白含量的饲料资源,然后使用
蛋白质供给,平衡根据“理想”的蛋白质（见上文）,
或许可以减少到两所建议的津贴的三分之二
（NRC的,1988年）,其中,作为猪,分别制定了反对
背景谷物饲料.这个因素可能要采取
考虑到,尤其是鸭,是含硫的需要
羽毛生长的氨基酸.这一假说测试
建议作为一项高度优先的研究领域.
为猪饲料喂养出热带的其他原则
资源,能源方面,矿物质和维生素,同样适用于
很好的家禽包括水禽.
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