英语翻译Defining VulnerabilityAt the national level,all social g

英语翻译
Defining Vulnerability
At the national level,all social groups with household incomes close to or below the
poverty line are considered as vulnerable groups.In villages,due to special geographical
and climatic conditions,the types of livelihood and the limited ability to resist unfavorable
natural events and disasters,vulnerability encompasses a more extensive domain than just
income.In rural areas,the type and extent of use made of different factors effective in the
economies of agriculture and animal husbandry,as well as the application of differentmethods to make use of land,water resources,mechanization,etc.,all play a significant
role in categorizing a household as being in a vulnerable status.In fact,in studies
conducted under the supervision of international agencies such as the IFAD (International
Fund for Agricultural Development),a total of nine distinct vulnerable groups have been
identified in rural Iran.2 These vulnerable groups are as follows:(1) small peasant
landowners (cultivating farming units of up to three hectares); (2) landless rural families;
(3) migrant shepherds (families with no permanent settlement,and those whose main
source of income and consumption is provided by livestock-raising); (4) petty fishermen
(families that fish in small groups with the use of non-mechanized rowboats); (5) tribal,
aboriginal and local populations (families that,based on law,regulations or customs,are
known as local and distinct communities); (6) homeless migrant and immigrant population
(the latter being primarily Afghan refugees who are not registered as refugees and work
‘illegally’ as agricultural laborers); (7) refugee families registered in accordance with UN
criteria; (8) semi-refugee homeless families temporarily driven away from their dwelling
place by natural disasters such as drought or earthquakes; and (9) female-headed
households.
With respect to these nine groups,economic factors are the main index of their poverty
and vulnerability.These rural strata are incapable of meeting their basic needs (food,
housing,clothing and elementary appliances) from their incomes,and they generally do
not use public infrastructure services (health,education,energy,etc).These strata include
low-income families and families that lack any regular income because no family member
is employed or owns income-generating land or livestock.Given the intensity of their
vulnerability,most of these families require some form of support from the government
(the public sector) to avoid being driven into deep poverty and becoming entangled in a
disadvantaged status.3

所谓的弱势群体在全国的水平,那些月收入低于贫困标准以下的被称为弱势群体.在农村,由于不同的地理位置和气候环境,生活环境的不同和有限的条件使得人们无法抵御自然灾害和疾病的困扰.对弱势群体来说,困扰他们的不仅仅...