作业帮求外文帮忙翻译!语句通顺就OK
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求外文帮忙翻译!语句通顺就OK
We assume that the local strain is due to thermal expansion and plastic deformation only, so
we are not considering other possible sources of transformation strain, such as the one arising
from phase transformations, for example. No external loads are applied, and one of the extreme
nodes in the bottom surface is considered to have zero displacement in the longitudinal direction,
while the other is fully constrained. This is done to prevent rigid body motion of the domain.
The constitutive model takes a very simple elastic-ideal plastic behavior, where the yield
stress decreases with temperature, tending to zero as the liquidus temperature is approached. A
more complete model should include phenomena such as hardening and creep, but it is believed
that even such a simple model can capture the essentials of the relevant sequence of events,
namely, thermal expansion, plastic deformation, followed by dissimilar contraction, resulting in
residual stresses.
For stress-strain behavior, generalized plane strain was assumed (a state that allows for
strains to be defined in the transverse direction, although in a limited way; still, this should produce
better results than the plane strain or plane stress assumptions, as the thermal strain is essentially
triaxial in nature). For plasticity, the Von Mises criterion (with no hardening) was utilized.
2.3 Numerical solution
Finite Element equations were solved for temperature and displacements, using suitable
elements corresponding to the above mentioned assumptions
13 . Four-node isoparametric elements
were utilized. Simulations were performed, using a 263-node, 225-element mesh, for the
following conditions:
Materials : Cladding of Cu alloy C95600 on Al alloy AA333 (substrate).
Nominal power : 2100 W, average absorptivity 10%.
Scanning speed : 12.5 mm/s.
Beam radius (at 1/e
2 ) : 1 mm.
Substrate height : 6.67 mm.
Clad height : 1.29 mm.
Contact angle : 80o.
Nominal feed rate : 0.22 g/s. Table 1
These parameters relate to real processing conditions. Materials properties can be found on
Table 2. Whenever possible, the variation of the properties with temperature was included, such
that the nonlinearities associated with the temperature field could be accounted for.
We assume that the local strain is due to thermal expansion and plastic deformation only, so
we are not considering other possible sources of transformation strain, such as the one arising
from phase transformations, for example. No external loads are applied, and one of the extreme
nodes in the bottom surface is considered to have zero displacement in the longitudinal direction,
while the other is fully constrained. This is done to prevent rigid body motion of the domain.
The constitutive model takes a very simple elastic-ideal plastic behavior, where the yield
stress decreases with temperature, tending to zero as the liquidus temperature is approached. A
more complete model should include phenomena such as hardening and creep, but it is believed
that even such a simple model can capture the essentials of the relevant sequence of events,
namely, thermal expansion, plastic deformation, followed by dissimilar contraction, resulting in
residual stresses.
For stress-strain behavior, generalized plane strain was assumed (a state that allows for
strains to be defined in the transverse direction, although in a limited way; still, this should produce
better results than the plane strain or plane stress assumptions, as the thermal strain is essentially
triaxial in nature). For plasticity, the Von Mises criterion (with no hardening) was utilized.
2.3 Numerical solution
Finite Element equations were solved for temperature and displacements, using suitable
elements corresponding to the above mentioned assumptions
13 . Four-node isoparametric elements
were utilized. Simulations were performed, using a 263-node, 225-element mesh, for the
following conditions:
Materials : Cladding of Cu alloy C95600 on Al alloy AA333 (substrate).
Nominal power : 2100 W, average absorptivity 10%.
Scanning speed : 12.5 mm/s.
Beam radius (at 1/e
2 ) : 1 mm.
Substrate height : 6.67 mm.
Clad height : 1.29 mm.
Contact angle : 80o.
Nominal feed rate : 0.22 g/s. Table 1
These parameters relate to real processing conditions. Materials properties can be found on
Table 2. Whenever possible, the variation of the properties with temperature was included, such
that the nonlinearities associated with the temperature field could be accounted for.
我们假设突破点是由于热膨胀和塑性变形唯一,如此 我们不考虑其他可能的来源的转型应变的,比如升起 从物相转变,为例子.没有外部负载有应用,与一个极端的 节点在底层表面被认为具有零位移纵向方向, 另一种是完全约束的.这是为了防止刚体运动的领域. 本构模型以一种非常简单的elastic-ideal塑料的行为,收益 压力随温度的降低为零,抚育熔点温度进行了探讨.一个 更完整的模型应包括现象如硬化和蠕变,但据信 即便是这样一个简单的模型,可以捕捉的要点,有关的事件序列, 即、热膨胀、塑性变形,其次是不同的收缩,导致 残余应力. 为应力-应变行为、广义平面应变假设(一个州允许那 株,在横方向被定义,尽管在一定的程度上,但是,这将产生 更好的结果比平面应变或平面应力状态的假设,就像热应变是基本要素 三轴在自然).为可塑性,帮助中的小应变分析标准(没有硬化)被利用. 23数值解 解决了有限元方程,采用合适的温度和位移 元素对应于上述假设 13岁.元素Four-node等参 被利用.进行了仿真研究,使用一个263-node,225-element与之相关联的非线性温度场可以报帐.网格, 具备一定的条件: 材料:熔覆上的铜合金C95600基体铝合金AA333(). 名义上的力量:到2100年W,平均吸收率高于10%. 扫描速度:12.5毫米/秒. 光束半径(1 / e 2):1毫米. 身高:6.67基质毫米. 穿衣高度:1.29毫米. :80o接触角. 名义上的进给速率:0.22 g / s.表1 这些参数与实际加工条件.可以发现在材料特性 表2.只要有可能,这些特性随温度变化的影响,其中包括这样的