英语翻译The development of pig embryos originatingfrom enucleola

英语翻译
The development of pig embryos originating
from enucleolated oocytes arrested after a
few cleavages (Table 1 and Fig.3A).In contrast,
embryos from sham-operated oocytes
developed to blastocysts with detectable nucleoli
(fig.S8,Pig).The cleavage rate was essentially
the same at 48 hours after activation.
However,no nucleoli were detected in the
nuclei of two-cell embryos originating from
enucleolated oocytes (Fig.3B,Pig).At this
stage,these embryos without nucleoli were
still viable,having the ability to synthesize proteins
at similar levels when compared to control
embryos originating from sham-operated
oocytes (fig.S4,A and B).We observed the
same developmental defects in the embryos from
enucleolated oocytes after SCNT (Table 1 and
Fig.3B,Pig),and intracytoplasmic sperm injection
(table S1).Unexpectedly,pig embryos
that were enucleolated and then reinjected
with oocyte nucleoli cleaved regularly with
visible nucleoli in blastomere nuclei (Fig.3B,
Pig) and developed to blastocysts (Table 1,
table S1,Fig.3A,and fig.S8,Nucleolus reinjected).
The developmental ability of embryos,
including SCNT embryos,thus depends on the
presence of the oocyte nucleolar material that
was either released into the oocyte cytoplasm
at germinal vesicle breakdown or reinjected
into the cytoplasm of previously enucleolated
oocytes.In the mouse (table S2),embryos
originating from sham-operated oocytes developed
to the blastocyst stage,and the blastomere
nuclei contained visible nucleoli (fig.
S8,Mouse).No nucleoli were detected in embryos
originating from enucleolated oocytes
(Fig.3B,Mouse),and their development was
arrested between the two- and four-cell stages.
After nucleolus reinjection into enucleolated
and mature mouse oocytes,the nucleoli were
detected in embryo nuclei,and their developmental
potential was restored (table S2).
Furthermore,when we transferred two-cell embryos
that were derived from enucleolated
oocytes and from nucleolus-reinjected oocytes
to recipients’ uteri,we obtained live-born pups
at a ratio comparable to that from control oocytes
(table S3).Thus,the inability of enucleolated
oocytes to develop does not reflect the mechanical
damage caused by micromanipulation but is
a direct consequence of the absence of nucleolar
material.

猪的胚胎起源发展从enucleolated卵母细胞后被捕
（表1和图.3A）条的几个分歧.与此相反,胚胎假手术卵母细胞发展到囊胚与检测核仁（图S8的,猪）.
卵裂率基本上在激活后48小时相同.
但是,没有警方在现场发现核仁两细胞胚胎
细胞核源于（图3B,猪）enucleolated卵母细胞.
在这现阶段,如果没有这些胚胎核仁仍然是可行的,有能力来合成蛋白质在相似的水平相比,控制胚胎起源于假手术卵母细胞（图四,A和B）.我们观察同样,在胚胎发育缺陷,从在体细胞核移植（表1和enucleolated卵母细胞图.3B的,猪）和卵胞浆内单精子注射（表S1）.不料,猪胚胎被enucleolated,然后重新注入卵母细胞的核仁裂解定期与在卵裂球核（图3B可见核仁,猪）,并发展到囊胚（表1,表中一,图.3A和无花果.S8的,核仁重新注入）.胚胎的发育能力,包括体细胞核移植胚胎,从而对依赖在场的卵母细胞的核仁材料要么释放到卵母细胞的细胞质在故障或重新注入发泡进入细胞质以前enucleolated卵母细胞.在小鼠（表中二）,胚胎从假手术卵母细胞原产发展到囊胚阶段,卵裂球细胞核中可见核仁
（图S8的,鼠标）.没有发现在胚胎核仁源
自enucleolated卵母细胞（图3B,鼠标）,其发展被捕两和四细胞阶段.建成后enucleolated核仁回灌小鼠卵母细胞和成熟的核
仁检测胚胎细胞核,与他们的发展电位恢复
（表S2）的.此外,当我们转到二细胞胚胎这是来自enucleolated卵母细胞和细胞核,重新注入卵母细胞对受助人的子宫,我们获得活产幼仔在从控制卵母细胞相比,该比率（见表三）.因此,enucleolated无力卵母细胞的发展并不反映机械显微操作所造成的损害,但一缺席的直接后果核仁材料.
猪的胚胎起源发展从enucleolated卵母细胞后被捕（表1和图.3A）条的几个分歧.与此相反,胚胎假手术卵母细胞发展到囊胚与检测核仁（图S8的,猪）.卵裂率基本上在激活后48小时相同.但是,没有警方在现场发现核仁两细胞胚胎细胞核源于（图3B,猪）enucleolated卵母细胞.在这现阶段,如果没有这些胚胎核仁仍然是可行的,有能力来合成蛋白质在相似的水平相比,控制胚胎起源于假手术卵母细胞（图四,A和B）.我们观察同样,在胚胎发育缺陷,从在体细胞核移植（表1和enucleolated卵母细胞图.3B的,猪）和卵胞浆内单精子注射（表S1）.不料,猪胚胎被enucleolated,然后重新注入卵母细胞的核仁裂解定期与在卵裂球核（图3B可见核仁,猪）,并发展到囊胚（表1,表中一,图.3A和无花果.S8的,核仁重新注入）.胚胎的发育能力,包括体细胞核移植胚胎,从而对依赖在场的卵母细胞的核仁材料要么释放到卵母细胞的细胞质在故障或重新注入发泡进入细胞质以前enucleolated卵母细胞.在小鼠（表中二）,胚胎从假手术卵母细胞原产发展到囊胚阶段,卵裂球细胞核中可见核仁（图S8的,鼠标）.没有发现在胚胎核仁源自enucleolated卵母细胞（图3B,鼠标）,其发展被捕两和四细胞阶段.建成后enucleolated核仁回灌小鼠卵母细胞和成熟的核仁检测胚胎细胞核,与他们的发展电位恢复（表S2）的.此外,当我们转到二细胞胚胎这是来自enucleolated卵母细胞和细胞核,重新注入卵母细胞对受助人的子宫,我们获得活产幼仔在从控制卵母细胞相比,该比率（见表三）.因此,enucleolated无力卵母细胞的发展并不反映机械显微操作所造成的损害,但一缺席的直接后果核仁材料.