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宾语从句和状语从句

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/11/05 19:41:55
宾语从句和状语从句
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句.
  1.语序
  无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式.根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:
  1)连接词+谓语
常见的连接词有:who,what,which等.如:
  Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?
2)连接词+名词+谓语.连接词在从句中作主语的定语.常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等.如:
  He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好.
2)连接词+名词+谓语.连接词在从句中作主语的定语.常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等.如:
  He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好.
 3)连接词+主语+谓语.连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语.常见的连接词有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much,when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等.如:
  He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行.
 3)连接词+主语+谓语.连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语.常见的连接词有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much,when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等.如:
  He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行.
 4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语.连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语.常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等.如:
  Do you know which class he is in 你知道他在哪个班吗?
2.连接词
  1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略.如:
  He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作.
  2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”.如:
  I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿.
但在下列情况下只能用whether:
  ①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用).如:
  Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来.
②在介词之后用whether.如:
  I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语.
 ③在不定式前用whether.如:
  He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人
 ④whether置于句首时,不能换用if.如:
  Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来.
  ⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether.如:
  Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题.
 ⑥若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether.如:
  Please let me know if you like th3.时态
  含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:
  1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态.如:
  I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来.
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2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式.如:
  ①The children didn't know who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁.
3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时.如:
  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转.