英语翻译A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically “p

英语翻译
A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically “proved” by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going.Today,hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle.It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth Western industrialized countries,a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence (生活维持费) in case of unemployment,sickness and old age.I would go one step further and argue that,even if these conditions are not present,everyone has the right to receive the means to subsist (维持生活),in other words,he can claim this subsistence minimum without having to have any “reason”.I would suggest,however,that it should be limited to a definite period of time,let’s say two years,so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refused any kind of social obligation.
This may sound like a fantastic proposal,but so,I think,our insurance system would have sounded to people a hundred years ago.The main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support,people would not work.This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature,actually,aside from abnormally lazy people,there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum,and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.
However,the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless,from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer.If nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve,work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it.Freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.
But such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees,its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in inter-personal relationships in every sphere of daily life.

一百年前,经济学家们提出一种假想——按照社会发展规律,有必要存在大量的穷人和失业者来保证经济的持续运行,这种假想得到了科学的“证实”.现在,几乎没有人敢表达这种观点.人们普遍接受了,西方工业国家不应该将任何人排除在社会财富之外.因此,作为人们失业、疾病、养老的最低生活保障,保险制度应运而生.再近一步来看,即便不存在这些情况,每个人也都有权生活下去,换句话说,一个人可以不需要任何理由地拿到这笔最低保障金.但是我认为,为了避免让人们产生任何推卸社会义务的反常心态,这种制度只能在一段特定的时间内实施,比方说两年.
这个想法听起来不切实际,但是我认为,如果这样,保险制度一百年前就出现了.我不支持这个制度的主要原因是,如果每个人都有资格得到最低保障金,他们就不会想着工作了.这种假设是基于人们与生俱来的惰性.实际上,除了那些异常懒惰的人,很少有人愿意整天无所事事,只靠那点最低保障金生活.
然而,有些人使用手中持有的资金,只是以强迫他人接受自己提供的工作条件为目的,从这些人的观点来看,对最低保障金制度的怀疑并不是毫无根据的.穷人为赚口饭吃,不得不接受某些工作,要是没有这样的人,那么所有的工作为吸引人来做,都必须足够有趣.只有在双方自愿达成一致的情况下,合同自由才有可能实现；在现在的资本主义制度中情况并非如此了.
但是这种制度不仅标志着雇主和雇员之间真正合同自由的开始,其最大的优点是在日常生活的各个领域改善人际关系自由.